This paper focuses on the key human rights consequences of the HIV screening policy that applies to all permanent and some temporary resident applicants to Canada. This mandatory policy was introduced in early 2002 by Citizenship and Immigration Canada after consultation with Health Canada. The policy has yet to be evaluated and, until recently, the actualities of the medical encounters where t...

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health appointed an Expert Panel to assess the problem of health care-associated infections (HAI) in the state and make recommendations regarding mandatory reporting. At the Expert Panel's request, a cost-of-illness study was conducted using available data sources. In Massachusetts, the excess hospital costs attributed to HAIs were estimated at approximate...

Sir—In their article on the value of mandatory testing for HIV in a sub-Saharan hospital population, Palmer et al. [1] argue that their study shows the advantages of routine and mandatory HIV testing of all hospitalized patients. However, the authors offer no data on how such testing affects patients, since the patients in their study were not aware that they were being tested and were not info...

This paper discusses examination, focusing on the possibilities available in ALN based learning. ALN is an acronym for asynchronous learning networks and in this research this means a web based learning environment supporting anywhere/anytime learning. The notion of mandatory participation in learning activities is argued to be more viable in ALNs rather than traditional classrooms. Mandatory p...

The epidemiological picture of sporotrichosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in Peru and Latin America is sporadic, fragmented, and geographically limited, mainly due to lack of mandatory reporting and limited diagnostic coverage. However, research contributions related to understanding the interaction of these fungi, the response of the host and the environment, the use of spatial analysis that re...