PURPOSE to evaluate the effects of high doses of genistein on the mammary glands of adult female rats. METHODS Twenty-eight days after oophorectomy, 50 adult female rats were divided into five groups, as follows: a control group (Ctrl), three rats that received genistein (GEN) at the doses of 46 mg/kg (GEN46;), 125 mg/kg (GEN125) and 250 mg/kg (GEN250); one group received conjugated equine es...

Various types of somatic stem cell have been tested for their response to genotoxic exposure, since these cells are likely to be important to regeneration, aging and cancer. In this study, we evaluated the response of mammary stem cells to genotoxic exposure during ductal growth in juveniles. Exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (DMBA; 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) had no gross eff...

The zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also named ATBF1 for AT motif binding factor 1) is a transcription factor that suppresses prostatic carcinogenesis and induces neuronal differentiation. It also interacts with estrogen receptor α to inhibit cell proliferation and regulate pubertal mammary gland development in mice. In the present study, we examined whether and how Zfhx3 regulates lactogenic di...

The immature mammary glands of BALB/c female mice were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 2 micrograms/ml, or 3-methylcholanthrene (10 micrograms/ml) for a 24-hr period at different times during the inital six days of lobuloalveolar growth in hormone-supplemented organ culture. Nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) were detectable in 80% of the glands treated with DMBA (40% in 3-...

Proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelia are regulated by the combined action of systemic hormones and locally derived paracrine growth factors. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a potential candidate stromal factor that may participate in the hormonal control of stromal/epithelial interactions. In this study, we have examined the in vivo effect of 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment...

Objectives: In traditional medicine Salvia officinalis (sage) has been used as menstrual cycle regulator. In the present study the effects of sage extract on breast tissue were examined. Materials and Methods: Fourteen female rats were divided into two groups: 1) Distilled water-treated rats (Con) that were gavaged with 1ml distilled water and 2) Saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract (SHE)-...

A milk membrane glycoprotein, MFG-E8 [milk fat globule-EGF (epidermal growth factor) factor 8], is expressed abundantly in lactating mammary glands in stage- and tissue-specific manners, and has been believed to be secreted in association with milk fat globules. In the present paper, we describe further up-regulation of MFG-E8 in involuting mammary glands, where the glands undergo a substantial...

It has recently been shown, in experiments on lactating rats with hypothalamic lesions, that milk can be expressed from the mammary glands of rearing-failed, lesioned rats by weak palpation even 10 days after the operation when vigorous suckling by young continued, and that a considerable amount of milk is obtained from mammary glands of these lesioned rats by the regular administration of oxyt...

I . Stages are described in the development of the mammae of male rabbits responding to regular injections of oestrogen and progesterone. 2. It is suggested that the extra mammary lobes which develop under this treatment are derived from hair follicles and sebaceous glands by the loss of the hairs from the follicles and the proliferation of sebaceous glands and ducts. 3. This may throw light on...