Knockout mice lacking the P2X(1) receptor appear normal, but fail to breed. Analysis of these mutant mice clearly shows that purinergic co-transmission has a physiological role in the was deferens. These findings also raise the possibility of developing non-hormonal ways of regulating male fertility.

background beta-thalassemia is the most common hematology disease in human and leptin is one of the hormone that produce by adiposities cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum leptin level and thyroid hormones in children with major beta-thalassemia. materials and methods this descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on 90 children aged 6-16 yea...

Rat liver, as well as other species, contains numerous sex-dependent isoforms of cytochrome P450 (P450) that are regulated by the sexually dimorphic profiles of circulating growth hormone. During puberty, young adulthood, and senescence, changes in the hormonal profiles appear to be responsible for alterations in age-associated expression levels of selective P450 isoforms. In contrast, little i...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male malignancy in many Western countries. Primary PCa is hormone dependent and is manageable by hormonal therapy. However, it rapidly develops to hormone-refractory tumors due to the accumulation of mutations in the androgen receptor and/or the acquisition of alternative cellular pathways that support proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of prostate canc...

Abstract Male breast cancer comprises of 1% all and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) are even rarer in males. ILC known to have unusual metastatic sites. We report a case 51-year-old male diagnosed with cancer, who presented recurrent chest wall nodule icterus after 24 months disease-free interval. On further investigations, he was found pancreatic head mass associated conjugated hyperbilirubi...