abstract in order to evaluate the effects of different depths of irrigation by sprinkler irrigation system on water use efficiency (wue) of new early maize cultivar ksc302, an experiments was carried out in karj during 2006 and 2007. experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. main plots were three irrigation levels: 75%, 100% and 125% etc (es...

Nematode egg hatch is an important phase in the life cycle (1). Factors that influence this process may have a highly significant effect upon the survival of the nematode, its generation time, and its ability to incite disease. Root diffusates and seasonal changes in environmental, physical, and chemical factors that are related to diapause in unhatched larvae affect the hatching of plant-paras...

Cover crops are a major focus of conservation agriculture efforts because they can provide soil cover and increase nutrient availability after their mineralization in cropping systems. To evaluate the effect of residue type and placement on rate of decomposition and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization, residues from two food crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ...

Adult female twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, reared on lima bean plants were moved to cucumber, maize, or new lima bean plants (the latter being a control) and evaluated after 24 h or 7 d for changes in susceptibility to three pesticides and in levels of related detoxification enzymes. The largest and most consistent changes were observed in mites feeding on cucumber. Suscept...

Intercropping systems compared to monoculture systems can more efficiently use the existing resources which ultimately will lead to increased plant performance. Therefore, to evaluate the benefits of intercropping maize and beans and assess its impact on yield and yield’s component, an experiment was conducted in factorial design with randomized complete block design in three replication, in 20...

Optimum planting geometries have been shown to increase crop yields in maize-soybean intercrop systems. However, little is known about whether changes in planting geometry improve the seasonal water use of maize and soybean intercrops. We conducted two different field experiments in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of changes in planting geometry on water use efficiency (WUE) and evapot...

ABSTRACT The basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-1 IA is a major pathogen in Latin America causing sheath blight (SB) of rice. Particularly in Venezuela, the fungus also causes banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) on maize, which is considered an emerging disease problem where maize replaced traditional rice-cropping areas or is now planted in adjacent fields. Our g...

Six seasons of experiments in Machakos, Kenya, revealed that above about 150 mm of rainfall, maize yields per row in alley cropped "replacement" agroforestry (AF) plots, of Cassia siamea Lam. and maize (Zea mays, cv. Katumani Composite B), may be expected to exceed those in the control (sole maize) plots. Such yields were insufficient to compensate for the area "lost" to the hedgerows. Below ab...

Understanding how soil phosphorus (P) fractions change is critical to achieve more efficient P use in a highly P-sorbing calcareous soil. The fields were managed without or with annual fertilizer (40 kg ha? 1), continuously growing sole cropping intercropping of maize and faba bean. Soil samples (0–200 mm) collected at the start experiment eight years later, we evaluated using sequential fracti...