Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the brain soon after seroconversion and can cause HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the more severe and progressive forms of HAND are less prevalent due to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), ∼ 40% of HIV-infected (HIV+) patients continue to have cognitive impairment. Some HIV+ individuals who have effective plasma HIV-1 RN...

Since the time that Ormerod, du Boulay, and McDonald wrote their chapter on the neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis (MS ) for the first edition of this volume, continuing advances in the field of magnetic resonance (MR) and MR imaging (MRI) have made tremendous impacts in our understanding of this disease. Over the last few years, findings from (i) “conventional” MRI techniques [e.g., T2-weighte...

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a seizure-associated rare lesion that currently appears to be malformative or hamartoma rather than low-grade neoplastic lesion. MVNT pathognomonic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features allow for diagnostic accuracy in differential diagnosis. Lesions are usually asymptomatic, nonprogressive incidentally found requiring on...

purpose: to determine the clinical and paraclinical features of multiple sclerosis (ms) in patients presenting for the first time with optic neuritis. methods:  in this descriptive study, 35 patients with clinical evidence of optic neuritis were enrolled. our evaluation included a neurological examination, visual evoked potentials (vep), brainstem-auditory evoked potentials (baep), and brain mr...

PURPOSE To assess if 3T MRI can be further improved by adding surface coil imaging, in the context of detection and characterization of cerebral lesions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. METHODS Twenty five patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery were examined with high resolution 3T MRI. The patients were MRI-negative (n = 15), or had unclear ...

Neuroimaging has provided extraordinary insight into the pathologic substrate of epilepsy. The excellent spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows identification of a substantial number of pathologies including hippocampal sclerosis, malformations of cortical development, low grade tumors, and vascular abnormalities, among others. Complementary imagi...

Aim: The great majority of people suffer from headaches. Neuroimaging has a very limited role in determining the etiology headache However, neuroimaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is requested for vast patients with headache. We aimed to determine frequency clinically significant and nonsignificant findings on brain MRI headache, factors associated these findings.
 Mater...

Müllerian ducts can form upper parts of normal female reproductive system and any failure in ductal fusion may lead to Müllerian Duct Anomalies (MDA). We present a case of MDA, a uterus dysplasia with no evidence of cervical or upper vaginal tissue. This case illustrates the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on MDA diagnosis and urges the need for a unified reliable and practical classif...

case presentation we present a case with a typical picture of myocarditis but normal echocardiographic findings, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by cardiac mri. discussion in particular, cardiac mri data are useful in borderline cases or in the presence of discrepancy between clinical picture and echocardiographic results. introduction the diagnosis of myocarditis based on a spectrum of fi...