OBJECTIVE Canal preparation generates a substantial amount of debris and smear layer (SL). The size and taper of the Master Apical File (MAF) affects on penetration of irrigants and subsequently canal cleaning efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MAF size and taper on penetration of irrigants to the apical third of curved mesiobuccal (MB) canals of mandibular first mola...

A murine T cell hybridoma, constructed by fusion of alloantigen-activated T cells with the BW5147 T cell lymphoma, which produces a lymphokine capable of inducing tumoricidal activity in macrophages, has been identified. Lymphokine release could be detected only after mitogen stimulation of the T cell hybridoma culture. Upon cloning of the parental hybridoma, 24 out of 27 clones produced tumori...

Neuroinflammation occurs in acute and chronic CNS injury, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are specialized resident myeloid cells that mediate CNS innate immune responses. Disease-relevant stimuli, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), can influence microglia activation. Previously, we observed that p53, a ROS-responsive transcription factor, ...

This paper address the problems of generating a low dimensional representation of the shape variation present in a set of shapes represented by a number of landmark points. First, we will present alternatives to the featured Least-Squares Procrustes alignment based on the L∞-norm and the L1-norm. Second, we will define a new shape decomposition based on the Maximum Autocorrelation Factor (MAF) ...

BACKGROUND Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) immunotherapy has been steadily advancing over the last two decades. Oral colostrum macrophage-activating factor (MAF) produced from bovine colostrum has shown high macrophage phagocytic activity. GcMAF-based immunotherapy has a wide application for use in treating many diseases via macrophage activation or for use as supportive...

BACKGROUND/AIM Macrophages are important components of human defense systems and consequently key to antitumor immunity. Human-serum macrophage activation factor (serum MAF) can activate macrophages, making it a promising reagent for anticancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established four different macrophage subtypes through introduction of different culture conditions to THP-1- and U9...

ABSTRACT Modified Airy Function (MAF) method gives an approximate solution of the wave equation for planar waveguides with an arbitrary refractive index distribution. Unlike WKB method, the MAF solution does not diverge at the turning points and there is no need of connection formulae. Comparison with exact results for practical wave guides show that the errors in MAF solutions are small. Use o...

Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous group of bone disorders characterized by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone and by several immunological defects including macrophage dysfunction. Two compounds, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) were used in the present study to evaluate their effects on the peritoneal population of c...

Motility in Aeromonas caviae, in a liquid environment (in broth culture), is mediated by a single polar flagellum encoded by the fla genes. The polar flagellum filament of A. caviae is composed of two flagellin subunits, FlaA and FlaB, which undergo O-linked glycosylation with six to eight pseudaminic acid glycans linked to serine and threonine residues in their central region. The flm genetic ...