Purpurin is a major anthraquinone present in the roots of Rubia cordifolia (madder). known to activate Nrf2 (Nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related 2) EpRE (electrophile responsive element) mediated gene expression as potential beneficial effect. This study aimed elucidate balance between electrophilicity or pro-oxidant activity purpurin underlying induction. For this, activation with...

Plant pigmentation has been of major interest to horticulturists for millennia. The ancient Egyptians, for example, cultivated the madder plant ( Rubia tinctorum ) as a source of dye for the ornamentation of mummies, and tribal peoples living before the Common Era in northern Britain tattooed their skin with indigo dye, a fact recorded by Julius Caesar upon Roman colonization of Britain. The di...

Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) has previously been identified as a tumor biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, FFJ-3, a structurally modified version of mollugin, an extract of the Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Rubia tinctorum (madder) was used in order to determine the anticancer activity of the compound and investigate the pot...

erbal formulations are in high demand on the global market. The human epidermis is most vulnerable organ body to infections and disease-causing microbes. It also acts as majorly responsible part for respiration. As a result, it needs great deal of care protection. Many skin issues can occur throughout puberty due internal component imbalances hormone imbalances. prevalent condition acne. common...

The medicinal part of Rubia tinctorum is the dried root. The small yellowishgreen flowers are in loose, leafy, long-peduncled terminal or auxiliary cymes. The margin of the calyx is indistinct, 4- to 5-sectioned and has a tip that is curved inward. There are five stamens and an inferior ovary. The fruit is a black, pea-sized glabrous, smooth drupe containing two seeds. The perennial pl...

Background: Winsor & Newton Ltd. has been one of the main fine art products providers since its establishment in 1832, being responsible for the manufacture of a wide assortment of materials ranging from oils and pigments to brushes and papers. All the items produced over the years have been indexed in a comprehensive historical archive. Original Winsor & Newton handbooks are a powerful resourc...

This is the fourth edition of Dr. Woodburne's popular text of regional anatomy. The book is arranged in nine sections: (1) general concepts in anatomy; (2) the upper limb; (3) the head and neck; (4) the back; (5) the chest; (6) the abdomen; (7) the perineum; (8) the pelvis; and (9) the lower limb. As in past editions an emphasis is placed on basic organizational principles and little attention ...

This is the fourth edition of Dr. Woodburne's popular text of regional anatomy. The book is arranged in nine sections: (1) general concepts in anatomy; (2) the upper limb; (3) the head and neck; (4) the back; (5) the chest; (6) the abdomen; (7) the perineum; (8) the pelvis; and (9) the lower limb. As in past editions an emphasis is placed on basic organizational principles and little attention ...