This paper proposes a new heuristic approach to determine the input pattern that minimizes leakage currents of nanometer CMOS circuits during sleep mode considering stack and fanout effect. The proposed approach uses a new precise macro-modeling of leakage current considering subthreshold leakage, gate tunneling leakage, body effect, stack effect, and fanout effect. The macro-model is developed...

An accurate macro model for free-molecule squeeze-film air damping on micro plate resonators is present. This model relates air damping directly with device dimensions and operation parameters and therefore provides an efficient tool for the design of high-performance micro resonators. The construction of the macro model is based on Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and analytical traveling-t...

We present a new general framework for designing multiscale methods. Compared with previous work such as Brandt’s systematic up-scaling, the heterogeneous multiscale method and the “equation-free” approach, this new framework has the distinct feature that it does not require reinitializing the microscale model at each macro time step or each macro iteration step. In the new strategy, the macroa...

Nutrient absorption in the small intestine cannot occur until molecules are presented to the epithelial cells that line intestinal villi, finger-like protrusions under enteric control. Using a two-dimensional multiscale lattice Boltzmann model of a lid-driven cavity flow with 'villi' at the lower surface, we analyse the hypothesis that muscle-induced oscillatory motions of the villi generate a ...

Both water movement and nitrate leaching in structured soils are strongly in ̄uenced by the nature of the macro-porosity. That macro-porosity can however also be manipulated by choice of tillage operations. In order to investigate the potential impacts of tillage on rates of nitrate leaching from structured soils, a model speci®c to these soils, CRACK-NP was developed. The model, its application...

Inference of variance components in linear mixed effect models (LMEs) is not always straightforward. I introduce and describe a flexible SAS ® macro (%COVTEST) that uses the likelihood ratio test (LRT) to test covariance parameters in LMEs by means of the parametric bootstrap. Users must supply the null and alternative models (as macro strings), and a data set name. The macro calculates the obs...

We present a T E X macro package for generating the arabic writing from a standardized ASCII input notation. It can handle partial or full vocalization, and generates automatically most of the common ligatures. There is limited support for Farsi, Urdu, and Pashto. ArabT E X is compatible with Plain T E X and also most L a T E X environments; arabic and other material can be mixed freely. For sp...

Accurate loss reserves are essential for insurers to maintain adequate capital and to efficiently price their insurance products. Loss reserving for Property & Casualty insurance is usually based on macro-level models with aggregate data in a run-off triangle. The macro-level models may generate material errors in the reserve estimates when assumptions underlying the estimates evolve over time ...

We present a combined macro-scale/micro-scale computational approach to quantify oxygen transport and flow-mediated shear stress to human chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor system. A macro-scale model was developed to assess the influence of the bioreactor design and to identify the proper boundary conditions for the micro-scale model. The micro-scale...