Tournaments are widely used in organizations, explicitly or implicitly, to reward the best-performing employees, e.g., through promotion or bonuses, and/or to punish the worst-performing employees, e.g., through firing or unfavorable job assignments. We explore the impact of the allocation of prizes on the effectiveness of tournament incentive schemes. We show that while multiple prize allocati...

Purpose- The study's aim is to determine the intrinsic rewards that Omani hotels use inspire their employees and analyse extrinsic motivate employees. study also intends investigate association between incentive types job satisfaction among hotel in Oman. Methodology- employed a descriptive research design. population was comprised of from five different four-star A systematic questionnaire cre...

Due to an increase in serious infections and a lack of efficient therapies, Klebsiella pneumoniae has recently gained more recognition. The production carbapenemases is one the most common strategies by which K. acquire resistance carbapenems considered last resort antibiotics. Previously collected isolates from different clinical settings on basis their genetic profile, mainly absence presence...

Self-Selection and the Efficiency of Tournaments When exogenously imposed, rank-order tournaments have incentive properties but their overall efficiency is reduced by a high variance in performance (Bull, Schotter, and Weigelt 1987). However, since the efficiency of performance-related pay is attributable both to its incentive effect and to its selection effect among employees (Lazear, 2000), i...

In this paper we present and evaluate a new pre-processing scheme for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels. Its performance is compared with other MIMO schemes proposed for the downlink of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) systems, namely a variation of the Beam Forming (BF), entitled Beam-Selective Transmit Diversity (BSTD) or post-processing schemes, such as the Alamou...

We analyze theoretically a three-terminal geometry in a fractional quantum Hall system—studied in a recent experiment—which allows a dilute beam of Laughlin quasiparticles to be prepared and subsequently scattered by a point contact. Employing a chiral Luttinger liquid description of the n5m integer edge states, we compute the current and noise of the quasiparticle beam after transmission throu...

Performance-based pay is an important instrument to align the interests of managers with the interests of shareholders. However, recent evidence suggests that high-powered incentives also provide managers with incentives to manipulate the firm's reported earnings. The previous literature has focused primarily on Chief Executive Officers, but managers further down in the firm hierarchy—division ...

Resource Allocation and Firm Scope We develop a theory of firm scope in which integrating two firms into one facilitates the allocation of resources, but leads to weaker incentives for effort, compared with nonintegration. Our theory makes minimal assumptions about the underlying agency problem. Moreover, the benefits and costs of integration originate from the same problem – to allocate resour...

This paper studies a contract design problem in a setting where time clauses are important. A principal hires an agent to complete a project within a …xed time horizon and prefers to have the project done as early as possible. The agent whose e¤ort is not contractible has a tendency to shirk and to delay exerting e¤ort. We show that in the principal’s optimal contract, deadlines and payment sch...