Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a cause of asthma in man. Dose-dependent TMA-specific IgE, histopathology, and airway responses after sensitization by inhalation were examined in the Brown Norway rat. Rats were exposed to 0.04, 0.4, 4, or 40 mg/m3 TMA aerosol for 10 min, once a week, over 10 weeks. All lower exposures were, subsequently, rechallenged to 40 mg/m3 TMA aerosol. All rats received a ...

Cholinergic tone contributes to airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Accordingly, anticholinergics are effective bronchodilators by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptor on airway smooth muscle. Recent evidence indicates that acetylcholine also contributes to airway inflammation. However, which muscarinic receptor subtype(s) regulates this process is unknown. In this stud...

H2-M3-restricted T cells respond more rapidly to primary Listeria monocytogenes infection than conventional MHC class Ia-restricted T cells. Reinfection with L. monocytogenes, while inducing explosive proliferation of H2-K(d)-restricted T cells, does not stimulate significant expansion of H2-M3-restricted CTL. These disparate responses to reinfection are apparent within 5 days of primary L. mon...

BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-associated particulate matter (PM) constitutes a considerable health risk for passive smokers. It ought to be assessed separately from the other known toxic compounds of tobacco smoke. Brand-specific differences between cigarettes and particularly between cigarettes and favorably taxed cigarillos, are of public interest and therefore worth being inve...

The dithiolethione oltipraz (OPZ) has activity as a chemopreventive agent in animal models and is in early clinical trials. OPZ undergoes metabolism by molecular rearrangement to yield a pyrrolopyrazine derivative, M3, which we have previously shown to be inactive in the induction of detoxication genes. M3 is metabolized further: at least 10 possible conjugates have been described in three spec...

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In conditions with heavy traffic and crowds of people on roadside areas under skytrain stations in Bangkok, the natural air ventilation may be insufficient and air quality may be poor. A study of 350 air samples collected from the roadside, under skytrain stations in Bangkok, was carried out to assess microbial counts (210 air samples) and particulate matter (PM10) levels (140 samples). The res...

A comprehensive study of biodiesel preparation from canola oil was performed on a continuous-flow reactive distillation (RD) reactor system. Optimization of six process variables was studied experimentally and analyzed statistically on the overall performance of the RD reactor system. These variables include the feed methanol to triglycerides molar ratio, reaction time, reboiler temperature, ca...

Neodymium is a future-oriented material due to its unique properties, and its use is increasing in various industrial fields worldwide. However, the toxicity caused by repeated exposure to this metal has not been studied in detail thus far. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential inhalation toxicity of nano-sized neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) following a 28-day repeated inhalat...

The aim of this study was to analyze gaseous organic chemicals (GOCs) of high traffic (Nishinomiya City: 979,987 vehicles/day) and low traffic areas (Miki City: 29,338 vehicles/day) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to evaluate general environment exposure by PAHs in GOCs. After air sampling using an OMNIPORE membrane filter (< 0.45 microm) and Porapak-QS, sorbents were extrac...