In this paper, we consider a multi-server queuing system in which additional servers are allowed for a longer queue to reduce the customer’s balking and reneging behavior. The customers are assumed to arrive in Poisson fashion and their service- times follow exponential distribution. The number of servers in long run depends on the queue-length. We obtain equilibrium queue size distribution. Th...

Abstract. Accurate high-resolution actual evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) information is essential for understanding the large-scale water carbon dynamics. However, substantial uncertainties exist in current ET GPP datasets China because of insufficient local ground measurements used model constraint. This study utilizes a water–carbon coupled model, Penman–Monteith–L...

Water monitoring at the scale of a small agricultural region is a key point to insure a good crop development particularly in South-Eastern France, where extreme climatic conditions result in long dry periods in spring and summer with very sparse precipitation events, corresponding to a crucial period of crop development. Remote sensing with the increasing imagery resolution is a useful tool to...

Water allocation to crops, and especially to the most water intensive ones, has always been of great importance in agricultural processes. Deficit or excessive irrigation could create either crop health-related problems or water over-consumption, respectively. The latter could lead to groundwater depletion and deterioration of its quality through deep percolation of agrichemical residuals. In t...

The object of the investigation is to study reducible $M$-ideals in Banach spaces. It is shown that if the number of $M$-ideals in a Banach space $X$ is $n(<infty)$, then the number of reducible $M$-ideals does not exceed of $frac{(n-2)(n-3)}{2}$. Moreover, given a compact metric space $X$, we obtain a general form of a reducible $M$-ideal in the space $C(X)$ of continuous functions on $X$. The...

We present an innovative approach to explore water management options in irrigated agriculture considering the constraints of water availability and the heterogeneity of irrigation system properties. The method is two-folds: (i) system characterization using a stochastic data assimilation procedure where the irrigation system properties and operational management practices are estimated using r...