Meningiomas are typically benign, slowly growing tumors. Meningiomas of the spine are most commonly intradural, extramedullary lesions and account of 25% – 46% of all spinal cord tumors in adults (Peker et al., 2005). Approximately 80% of spinal meningiomas occur in the thoracic spine, followed in frequency by cervical and lumbar lesions (Helseth et al., 1989; Levy et al., 1982; Roux et al., 19...

The rhythmogenic capacity of the tail-innervating segments (L4-Co3) of the spinal cord was studied in isolated spinal cord and tail-spinal cord preparations of neonatal rats. Bath-applied serotonin/N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) failed to produce a robust sacrococcygeal rhythmicity following midlumbar transection of the spinal cord. By contrast, a regular alternating left-right rhythm could be ind...

An in vitro preparation of newborn rat isolated brainstem/spinal cord was used in order to locate the spinal network responsible in mammals for producing patterned locomotor activity. The spinal cord was partitioned by building Vaseline walls at various lumbar levels. When a mixture of serotonin and N-methyl-D,L-aspartate was bath applied to the upper lumbar cord (L1/L2 segments), rhythmic loco...

A subarachnoid hematoma is the rarest type of clot to form within the spinal canal [1]. Most " so-called " spontaneous cases are related to underlying spinal cord pathology or bleeding diathesis [2]. Another smaller but significant group of patients develop hematomas after lumbar puncture, once again, often with concurrent clotting abnormalities [1]. Our report discusses the myelographic featur...

IntroductionSpine injury is one of the leading caused for disability in Nepal. Patients with trauma relatedspine leads to neurological dysfunction, focal deficits and even fatal life threating events.The timely intervention acute spinal could save patients from andmortality risk. Imaging modalities like Xray, CT Scan MRI helps diagnosis managementof trauma. plays crucial role detection cord sof...

Anatomy Surrounding the spinal cord in the bony vertebral column are three membranes. From the immediate overlay of the cord to the periphery, there are the pia mater, the arachnoid mater, and the dura mater [11]. Between the pia and the arachnoid is the space of interest in spinal anesthesia, the subarachnoid space. In this space are the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), spinal nerves, a trabecular n...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

Clinical heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis is the rule. Evidence suggests that HLA-DRB1*15 may play a role in clinical outcome. Spinal cord pathology is common and contributes significantly to disability in the disease. The influence of HLA-DRB1*15 on multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology is unknown. A post-mortem cohort of pathologically confirmed cases with multiple sclerosis (n = 108, 3...

introduction: regulators of g-protein signaling protein negatively control g protein -coupled receptor signaling duration by accelerating gα subunit guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis. since regulator of g-protein signaling4 has an important role in modulating morphine effects at the cellular level and the exact mechanism(s) of adrenalectomy-induced morphine sensitization have not been fully cla...