Background: Previous studies suggest that adenylate kinase locus 1 (Ak1) has an important role in the control of blood glucose level and in the glycation of structural and functional proteins in type 2 diabetes and in the balanced development of fetoplacental unit in healthy puerperae (HP). In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the relationship of Ak1 with maternal and neonatal para...

This paper reviews and documents methodology for fitting hidden Markov switching models to New Zealand GDP data. A primary objective is to better understand the utility of these methods for modelling growth and volatility regimes present in the New Zealand data and their interaction. Properties of the models are developed together with a description of the estimation methods, including use of t...

For economic development, investment are necessary, investments are made out of savings. Insurance Company is a major instrument for the mobilization of savings of people particularly from the middle and lower income groups. These savings are channelized into investment for economic growth. Insurance serves a number of valuable economic functions that are largely distinct from other types of fi...

Abstract[1] Natural resources as a source of wealth can increase prosperity or impede economic growth.  Empirical studies with different specifications and data are also mixed on whether natural resources are curse or blessing. In fact, the variety of model specifications, measurements, and samples in the empirical literature makes it difficult to generalize the results. In this study, a growth...

Article history: Received 5 October 2013 Received in revised form 25 March 2015 Accepted 7 April 2015 Available online 14 April 2015 In this paper, we show that in the proposedmodels for economic growth, thefinancial systemvariables are generally nonparametric. We, thus, use a nonparametric panel data model to estimate the financial system–economic growth relationship. Our results suggest that ...

Microtubule growth proceeds through the endwise addition of nucleotide-bound tubulin dimers. The microtubule wall is composed of GDP-tubulin subunits, which are thought to come exclusively from the incorporation of GTP-tubulin complexes at microtubule ends followed by GTP hydrolysis within the polymer. The possibility of a direct GDP-tubulin incorporation into growing polymers is regarded as ha...

This paper uses Johansen multivariate cointegration analysis to examine the relationship between health and GDP for 13 OECD countries over the last two centuries, for periods ranging from 1820-2001 to 1921-2001. A similar, long run, cointegrating relationship between life expectancy and both total GDP and GDP per capita was found for all the countries estimated. The relationships have a signifi...

In the last twenty years, the world has experienced a surge in technological innovation which has contributed to economic growth around the globe. Surprisingly, the Middle East is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Despite its long history of conflict, war, and government instability, this region has experienced an average GDP growth rate of 4.49%, compared with the average world ...

This paper will analyse the relationship between interest rate, income, GDP growth and house prices. First, the control power of interest rate for the prices is limited. Second, people’s income increases, thus that also increases the demand for housing. But house prices are too high and will cause buying pressure. Third, the real estate industry’s growth and GDP growth have inseparable relation...

Objective: The study compared the relative cost differences of similar orphan drugs among high and low GDP countries in Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK. Methods: Annual treatment costs per patient were calculated. Relative costs were computed by dividing the costs by each economic parameter: nominal GDP per capita, GDP in PPP...