To investigate the effect of luminance on apparent speed, subjects adjusted the speed of a low-luminance rotating grating (0.31 cd/m(2)) to match that of a high-luminance one (1260 cd/m(2)). Above 4 Hz, subjects overestimated the speed of the low-luminance grating. This overestimation increased as a function of temporal rate and reached 30% around 10 Hz temporal rates. The speed overestimation ...

The evolution of a series of low-speed zonal centrifuge rotors for the separation of cells, bacteria, and subcellular particles visible in the light microscope {Rotors A-V, VI, IX, and XII) is described. All are dynamically loaded and unloaded and may be used for either rate-zonal or isopycnic-zonal separations. Transparent plastic end caps allow direct observation of the separations. The last ...

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has been achieved for the first time on the self-noise prediction of a low-subsonic axial fan. Realistic 5% and 4% errors are introduced on the volume flow-rate and the rotational speed, respectively, and a set of 81 ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the fan mounted on an axisymmetric test plenum has been simulated at Clenshaw-Curtis points. By...

The nonlinear cochlear phenomenon of two-tone suppression is known to be very fast, but precisely how fast is unknown. We studied the timing of low-side suppression in the auditory nerve of the cat using multitone complexes as auditory stimuli. An evalution of the group delays of the responses to these complexes allowed us to measure the timing of the responses with sub-millisecond accuracy for...

Low power is becoming more and more crucial and in many aspects becoming the number 1 priority when designing new applications. Ultra low voltage CMOS is an approach for producing very low-power CMOS circuits by reducing the supply voltage to several hundred millivolts [1, 2]. To maintain good performance at low supply voltages, the threshold voltages of MOS transistors must also be reduced [3–...