Silica scaling is one of the major challenges in Reverse Osmosis (RO). The safe operation practice to keep silica concentration below 150 mg/L RO concentrate. This study addresses effects divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium on a seawater installation used pretreatment Eutectic Freeze Crystallisation (EFC). Results showed that absence antiscalant sustained approximately 280 concentrat...

The main aquifer of the Llobregat delta (Barcelona, Spain) has been affected by seawater intrusion since the 1960s. The Catalan Water Agency (ACA) has sponsored the construction of a positive hydraulic barrier in order to stop the progress of seawater intrusion advance due to the intensive aquifer development. The hydraulic barrier consists of 15 wells into which highly treated reclaimed water ...

Abstract Efficient desalination through a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane requires the prior removal of blockade-causing substances from raw seawater. To achieve ultrahigh-speed processing pretreatment process for seawater RO desalination, we combine traditional softening with ballasted flocculation (SBF) Ca 2+ and Mg removal. An alkaline mixture Ca(OH) 2 Na CO 3 was most suitable agent reduced a...

Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater, important solving growing problems fresh supply. Thermal technologies such as multi-effect distillation multi-stage flash still comprise an portion world’s capacity. They consume substantial amounts energy, generally obtained from fossil fuels, due to their low efficiency. Hybridization a strategy that se...

A small-scale seawater reverse-osmosis system with excellent energy efficiency is presented. The system promises to deliver up to 460 l/h of potable water, from seawater (at 40,000 ppm), while consuming less than 1600 W of electrical power. This represents a specific energy consumption of less than 3.5 kWh/m3. Moreover, the flow may be controlled in order to reduce the power consumption by a fa...

Low-pressure osmotic-based membrane separation, such as osmotic distillation (OMD) and forward osmosis (FO), is a separation process suitable for the concentration of liquid food with heat-sensitive components. In FO, dense hydrophilic used osmotic-pressure gradient driving force. Reverse salt diffusion low are major phenomena impeding FO application. Food preservatives can be applied draw solu...

• The use of subsurface intake types for seawater RO facilities was documented. • Feedwater quality improvements by using subsurface intakes were demonstrated. • Reduced environmental impacts using subsurface intakes were discussed. • Capacity limits on various subsurface intake types were assessed. • Life-cycle cost savings using subsurface intakes were preliminarily analyzed. a b s t r a c t ...

Many desalination plants still struggle to control biological fouling in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems as there are no standard methods monitor this type of fouling. Strategies biofouling SWRO have been proposed such antifouling coating and lowering potential feedwater through pretreatment processes. Measuring the has gained increased interest due its direct link biofouling. Moreover,...