This work presents information on the patterns of yield determination by yield components as a function of the level of management of the crop. The data used for the analyses were obtained from 8 field experiments located across Poland in 2009 and 2010. 25 winter wheat cultivars were evaluated at two management levels, i.e., at a low input of nitrogen fertilisation and pesticides and at a h...

payoffs from information technology (it) continue to generate interest and debate both among academicians and practitioners. these have led the decision makers to confusion about it effect on firms` financial performance; they don’t know either high or low effect is because of internal or external factors of organizational environment. the mechanism for decreasing the risks is to identify the c...

firms invest in their learning activities to improve their innovative efforts. these kinds of activities are either internal or external. knowledge which flows among local actors is one of the external learning factors. spontaneous knowledge flows among firms without any compensation or with compensation less than the real value is called knowledge spillover. this paper analyzes the effect of k...

This paper employs a three-stage approach to estimate low carbon economy efficiency in the largest twenty CO₂ emitting countries from 2000 to 2012. The approach includes the following three stages: (1) use of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with undesirable output to estimate the low carbon economy efficiency and calculate the input and output slacks; (2) use of a stochastic frontier ap...

This paper presents the design and the implementation of input/output (I/O) interface circuits for Gb/s-per-pin operation, fully compatible with low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) standard. Due to the differential transmission technique and the low voltage swing, LVDS allows high transmission speeds and low power consumption at the same time. In the proposed transmitter, the required tol...

this paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage dc-dc converters at light loads. pulse width modulation (pwm) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (pfm) control is more efficient for the same cases. switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. to decrease the switching losses...

In this paper a CMOS operational amplifier is presented which operates at 2V power supply and 1uA input bias current at 0.8 um technology using non conventional mode of operation of MOS transistors and whose input is depended on bias current. The unique behaviour of the MOS transistors in subthreshold region not only allows a designer to work at low input bias current but also at low voltage. W...