A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was o...

A key challenge for rechargeable metal–air batteries is the development of a cost-effective bifunctional catalyst for both oxygen evolution (OER) and reduction (ORR) reactions. Here, we took the advantages of high OER activity of Co3O4 spinel and high ORR activity of Ag to develop a carbon-free oxygen electrode, e.g., for Li–air batteries. The optimized Ag + Co3O4 catalyst was further character...

1-Carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride {[cmmim]Cl} is utilized as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the condensation reaction of indole with arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. In summary, the presented method have several advantages including simplicity, low cost, generality, efficiency, clean reaction profi...

An efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by one-step condensation of  an aldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate and primary amine in the presence of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate under microwave irradiation is described. The advantages of this catalyst are including simple work-up, low cost and reusability. Compared with conventional methods, the ...

the adsorption ability of miswak (salvadora persica l.) waste was investigated for the removalof common heavy metals; pb(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and cd(ii), from aqueous systems. the miswak mainlyconsists of saponins, tannins, silica and resin, which are accounted for the removal of heavy metal ions fromaqueous systems. the effects of various parameters, such as solution ph, contact time, initial c...

Easy low-energy-cost preparation of a highly efficient and reusable single-atom-type structured catalyst for alkyne-to-alkene hydrogenation Suzuki coupling.

background: the use of alternative disinfectants and the control of natural organic material are two approaches that are typically applied in water treatment utilities to reduce the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products in recent years. catalytic ozonation as a new technology is used to promote the efficiency of the single ozonation processes. the purpose of this study was to invest...

The separation of graphene grown on metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is essential for device applications. The transfer techniques of graphene from metallic catalyst to target substrate usually use the chemical etching method to dissolve the metallic catalyst. However, this causes not only high material cost but also environmental contamination in large-scale fabrication. We...

The NiO/NiS composite catalyst synthesis is designed using a simple and facile method. Composite materials with different sulfur sources were characterized and applied for catalytic reduction of 4nitrophenol (4-NP) in aqueous solution. The catalysts' universality towards reduction/decolorization of other organic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) was eva...