The purpose of this paper is to investigate how trans-aural processing can enhance conventional multichannel audio both by embedding perceptually relevant information and by improving image stability using additional loudspeakers integrated with supplementary digital processing and coding. The key objective is to achieve scala-bility in spatial performance while retaining full compatibility wit...

Presenting musical composition on a multi-channel loudspeaker configuration has now been practiced for over 60 years. Pierre Schaeffer in partnership with Pierre Henry composed a number of works, one of the works was Symphonie pour un Homme Seul (1950). The composition was presented on a tetrahedral configuration, which consisted of a frontal pair, a single rear and one elevated loudspeaker (Zv...

Electrodynamic loudspeakers have inherent nonlinearities generating harmonic and intermodulation distortion in the reproduced sound. Some applications of active noise control require loudspeakers having low weight, small size, high efficiency to produce amplitudes at low frequencies. In these cases the signal distortions produced by the loudspeaker’s nonlinearities impair the compensation of th...

Since the invention of the electrodynamic loudspeakec there has been a need for greater acoustical output, especially at low frequencies. For modern-day applications it is desirable to reduce the volume of the loudspeaker (and cabinet). These two demana5 are physically contradictory. It is the aim of this paper to offer options to evoke the illusion of a higher bass response, while the power ra...

Nonlinear loudspeaker control opens new degrees of freedom in passive driver design. Transducers having a short voice coil overhang are more sensitive and efficient at low amplitudes than transducers using a linear motor. Nonlinear distortion generated at higher amplitudes can actively be compensated by nonlinear control. This paper investigates the behavior of real loudspeakers under control u...

This paper describes the drawbacks related to the iron in the classical electrodynamic loudspeaker structure. Then it describes loudspeaker motors without any iron, which are only made of permanent magnets. They are associated to a piston like moving part which glides on ferrofluid seals. Furthermore, the coil is short and the suspension is wholly pneumatic. Several types of magnet assemblies a...

This article introduces a physics-based real-time model of the output chain of a vacuum-tube amplifier. This output chain consists of a single-ended triode power amplifier stage, output transformer, and a loudspeaker. The simulation algorithm uses wave digital filters in digitizing the physical electric, mechanic, and acoustic subsystems. New simulation models for the output transformer and lou...

It is well known that visually guided behavior is impaired in visually deprived cats. In particular, visual discrimination learning is strongly affected. In an earlier paper prepared in this Laboratory (2) such deficit was observed in cats visually deprived by means of linen hoods, which prevented pattern vision. In the present paper the targeting (orienting) reflex evoked by a sound from a vis...

A method is presented for the evaluation of crossover filters in a multiway loudspeaker system. A number of analog filters, designed by "hand" or with CAD tools, are potentials for use in a loudspeaker system. These different filters are real-time simulated by a digital audio signal processor, which permits flexible and accurate switching between different crossover filters as needed in a liste...