INTRODUCTION Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) through the skin is a nonpharmacological method of pain relief. The present study aimed to compare TENS and lidocaine on episiotomy complication in primiparous women. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, 80 participants were included from March to July 2011 at the antenatal clinic and postdelivery ward...

phytoplasmal big bud is one of the important diseases of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) in the world. the disease has been reported from iranian provinces of bushehr, isfahan, fars, khorasane razavi and ardabil. during a summer surrvey in 2010, symptoms of big bud disease was observed in tomato fields of dorood area in lorestan province. characteristic symptoms of the disease were small thick...

grass pea (lathyrus sativus l.) has a high potential for forage production inboth rangelands and cultivated rainfed areas of iran. it is well adapted to semi-arid areas ofwest and north of country where annual rainfall is 250–350 mm. to study the seed and drymatter (dm) yield and agronomic traits, six genotypes of lathyrus sativus l. and twogenotypes of lathyrus inconspicuous l. were provided b...

the aim of this study was to assess the regional effects of fire on the surface cover and forage production of mountainous rangelands of delfan county, lorestan province, iran. the fire took placed in june 2007 with significant effects on the vegetation characteristics in the study area. four fire affected sites were selected for sampling and a close area without fire was considered as control....