The average and local structures of the PbTe 1−x PbS x system of thermoelectric materials has been studied using the Rietveld and atomic pair distribution function methods. Samples with 0.25 x are macroscopically phase separated. Phase separation was suppressed in a quenched x=0.5 sample which, nonetheless, exhibited a partial spinodal decomposition. The promising thermoelectric material with x...

A novel frequency-to-voltage converter based phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed to overcome the inability of a frequency-locked lock phase. The dual-loop PLL adds variable phase-locking capability, such that phase locking angle can vary from 0–360°. additional be applied in data communication form modulation. design targeted for 0.5-?m CMOS process. generates 480 MHz clock reference 15 MHz. In...

We study the nonrelativistic limit of the theory of a quantum Chern–Simons field minimally coupled to Dirac fermions. To get the nonrelativistic effective Lagrangian one has to incorporate vacuum polarization and anomalous magnetic moment effects. Besides that, an unsuspected quartic fermionic interaction may also be induced. As a by product, the method we use to calculate loop diagrams, separa...

We consider saddle point integrals in d variables whose phase functions are neither real nor purely imaginary. Results analogous to those for Laplace (real phase) and Fourier (imaginary phase) integrals hold whenever the phase function is analytic and nondegenerate. These results generalize what is well known for integrals of Laplace and Fourier type. The proofs are via contour shifting in comp...

This paper concerns the H∞ loop-shaping design for multiloop operation of paralleled DC/DC converters. The preand post-compensators are designed to shape the nominal plant model to achieve the desired performance. Then, the H∞ controller is synthesized in order to achieve the robust stability and robust performance of the system in the presence of uncertainties. Finally, the H∞ controller absor...

With each superinuitionistic logic (si-logic), we associate its downward and upward subframizations, and characterize them by means of Zakharsyachev’s canonical formulas, as well as by embedding si-logics into the extensions of the propositional lax logic PLL. In an analogous fashion, with each si-logic, we associate its downward and upward stabilizations, and characterize them by means of stab...

Most high-order, harmonic-generation experiments to date have used gas target pressures in excess of 10 Torr. These high pressures have been used to enhance the harmonic signal, which increases quadratically with the pressure. The phase-mismatch factors (caused by both neutral and ionized media) increase with the pressure as does the effect of refraction of the incident laser when the medium be...

A model of motion detection is presented. The model contains three stages. The rst stage is unoriented and is selective for contrast polarities. The next two stages work in parallel. A phase insensitive stage pools across diierent contrast polarities through a spatiotemporal lter and thus can detect rst and second order motion. A phase sensitive stage keeps contrast polarities separate, each of...

A modified fully-digital PN code tracking loop is proposed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication. By taking advantage of the inherent diversity, a modified code tracking loop is embedded into a RAKE receiver to avoid problems caused by unstable locked points of error signals. Such unsteadiness of locked points often occurs with a conventional code tracking loop because the error sig...