It is well known that in quantum theory, thermal equilibrium at inverse temperature β corresponds to the density matrix (1/Z) exp(−βH). But a density matrix that is not pure can arise from many different distributions of the wavefunction. We address in this paper the question which distribution of the wavefunction corresponds to thermal equilibrium, or, in other words, which distribution of the...

We report fully relativistic molecular-dynamics simulations that verify the appearance of thermal equilibrium of a classical gas inside a uniformly accelerated container. The numerical experiments confirm that the local momentum distribution in this system is very well approximated by the Jüttner function-originally derived for a flat spacetime-via the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect. Moreover, it is s...

A framework for the investigation of disordered quantum systems in thermal equilibrium is proposed. The approach is based on a dynamical model—which consists of a combination of a double-bracket gradient flow and a uniform Brownian fluctuation—that ‘equilibrates’ the Hamiltonian into a canonical distribution. The resulting equilibrium state is used to calculate quenched and annealed averages of...

We show that the two-point cross-correlation of potential-field recordings is equal to the Green’s function between the two points. This holds under the condition that spatially and temporally uncorrelated noise sources exist throughout the volume. They should have a known amplitude spectrum and their correlated strengths should be equal to the real part of the dissipative medium property funct...

Abstract. We present a detailed derivation of Fourier’s law in a class of stochastic energy exchange systems with periodic lattice structure. We provide two separate derivations of the thermal conductivity proving it is identical to the frequency of energy exchanges. The first derivation relies on the diffusion of the Helfand moment, which is determined solely by static correlations. The second...

Consider anomalous energy spread in solid phases, i.e., <Δx(2)(t)>E≡∫(x-E)(2)ρE(x,t)dx∝t(β), as induced by a small initial excess energy perturbation distribution ρE(x,t=0) away from equilibrium. The second derivative of this variance of the nonequilibrium excess energy distribution is shown to rigorously obey the intriguing relation d(2)<Δx(2)(t)>E/dt2=2CJJ(t)/(kBT(2)c), where CJJ(t) equals...

Intermittency effects in Burgers equation driven by thermal noise. Abstract For the Burgers equation driven by thermal noise leading asymp-totics of pair and high-order correlators of the velocity field are found for finite times and large distances. It is shown that the intermittency takes place: some correlators are much larger than their reducible parts. Intermittency implies strong non-Gaus...

A model for the time dependent behaviour of electrons in semiconductor devices is considered. The model incorporates nonequilibrium eeects caused by impurity generated trap levels in the forbidden band. Transport of conduction electrons is modelled by the standard drift-diiusion equation. Existence and uniqueness globally in time of initial-boundary value problems is proven as well as stability...

Thermal field theory has applications in many areas of physics and one of those is the early Universe. There is an excess of matter over antimatter in the present Universe. Unless this was an initial condition in the Big Bang Scenario, this baryon asymmetry must have been created during the evolution of the Universe. According to Sakarov’s three criteria for baryogenesis, the Universe must have...

The domination by Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) with regard to the onset of Darcy-Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni (DRBM) convection swayed magnetic field in a composite layer set-up is studied pertinent incompressible fluid. precinct above fluid presumed be free and that below porous rigid. Regular perturbation technique exercised on acquired problem achieve analytical solution taking adiabati...