Abstract Using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate multiple scratching processes in which a tip moves through groove that has already been formed during previous scratch. We use conical indenter such the friction coefficient is independent of scratch depth. First, single to depth 4 nm compared with 2-cycle at 2 followed by second full nm. observe cycle shows smaller as long pre-formed...

The reason of this study is low cycle failure of cast iron cylinder head during the E5 standard durability test. The goal of the present investigation is durability test simulation and low cycle fatigue life evaluation of cast iron cylinder head. With uncouple structural analysis, preloads, thermal and mechanical load and boundary conditions are prescribed to finite element model of the cylinde...

in the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. this lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. in this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

In the current internet scenario more virtual servers and mirror servers are utilized to maintain load balance of the heterogeneous peer to peer networks. One of the most current existing works developed a state balancing system based on probability distribution of peer abilities, loads of virtual servers, and incomplete data of global peers. On the other hand state balancing method recognizing...

We study the problem of designing a survivable WDM network based on covering the communication requests with subnetworks that are protected independently from each other. We consider here the case when the physical network is T (n), a torus of size n by n, the subnetworks are cycles and the communication scheme is all-to-all or total exchange (where all pairs of vertices communicate). We will r...

Let P be a family of dipaths of a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) G. The load of an arc is the number of dipaths containing this arc. Let π(G,P) be the maximum of the load of all the arcs and let w(G,P) be the minimum number of wavelengths (colors) needed to color the family of dipaths P in such a way that two dipaths with the same wavelength are arc-disjoint. There exist DAGs such that the ratio ...

Abstract Residual stress relaxation induced by the application of mechanical loads is determined nature residual stress, elasto‐plastic material properties, and type applied load. Despite importance first load cycle, analytical models available in literature generally assumed as a continuous process. machining on Inconel 718Plus superalloy cylindrical specimens was measured before after cycles ...

BACKGROUND Although breathlessness is common in chronic heart failure (CHF), the role of inspiratory muscle dysfunction remains unclear. We hypothesised that inspiratory muscle endurance, expressed as a function of endurance time (Tlim) adjusted for inspiratory muscle load and inspiratory muscle capacity, would be reduced in CHF. METHODS Endurance was measured in 10 healthy controls and 10 pa...

Based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. However, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. To resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...