BACKGROUND The foundation of recommended diarrhea management in young children is increased fluids and continued feeding. This increase in fluids is necessary to replace those lost during diarrhea and ultimately prevent dehydration. There may be an opportunity to prevent deaths in children under five by discouraging the practice of reducing or curtailing fluids during diarrhea episodes across d...

The growing interest in distributed generation (DG) in recent years has led to a number of generators connected to a distribution system. The integration of DGs in a distribution system has resulted in a network known as active distribution network due to the existence of bidirectional power flow in the system. Voltage rise issue is one of the predominantly important technical issues to be addr...

The carbon abatement potentials of wind turbines, photovoltaics, and concentrating solar power plants were investigated using dispatch simulations overCaliforniawith 2005–06meteorological and load data. A parameterization of the simulation results is presented that provides approximations of both lowpenetration carbon abatement rates and maximum carbon abatement potentials based on the temporal...

We present a theoretical framework to calculate how storage affects the energy return on energy investment (EROI) ratios of wind and solar resources. Our methods identify conditions under which it is more energetically favorable to store energy than it is to simply curtail electricity production. Electrochemically based storage technologies result in much smaller EROI ratios than large-scale ge...

As non-controllable power sources, photovoltaics (PV) can create overvoltage in low voltage (LV) distribution feeders during periods of high generation and low load. This is usually prevented passively by limiting the penetration level of PV to very conservative values, even if the critical periods rarely occur. Alternatively, one can use active power curtailment (APC) techniques, reducing the ...

This paper presents a flexible transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) approach considering uncertainty. A novel hybrid clustering technique, which integrates the graph partitioning method and rough fuzzy clustering, is proposed to cope with uncertain renewable generation and load demand. The proposed clustering method is capable of recognizing the actual cluster distribution of complex ...

A large amount of wind power has to be curtailed due to the inflexibility of the combined heat and power (CHP) system in the heating season in northern China. The power-to-gas (P2G) technology, which uses electricity to produce hydrogen or synthetic natural gas, has become a promising energy conversion option for the utilization of surplus power energy. In this paper, an integrated natural gas,...

In a deregulated electricity market, CM is one of the key functions of a System Operator (SO) as congestion threatens system security and may cause rise in electricity price resulting in market inefficiency. Rescheduling generations and demands is an effective tool to relieve congestion. This paper presents a congestion management (CM) algorithm by optimal rescheduling of active powers of gener...