The surface of the intestinal mucosa is constantly assaulted by food antigens and enormous numbers of commensal microbes and their products, which are sampled by dendritic cells (DCs). Recent work shows that the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are the key site for tolerance induction to food proteins and that they also act as a firewall to prevent live commensal intestinal bacteria from penetrati...

The US Congress has granted the Food and Drug Administration the authority to permit manufacturers to use claims in food labels that fit into the following broad categories: health claims, structure/function claims, nutrient content claims, and dietary guidance messages. This article outlines the scope and evolution of these claims and how they are used in the marketing of probiotics. Probiotic...

The relative contributions of live Artemia metanauplii and an inert diet for growth of Senegalese sole larvae and postlarvae were assessed through the analysis of carbon stable isotopes ratios (δC) in both diets and whole larval tissue. Larvae were reared on four dietary regimes: 100% live prey (rotifers and Artemia), 100% inert formulated diet and two co-feeding regimes of 70:30 and 30:70 rati...

Żyżelewicz D., Nebesny E., Motyl I., Libudzisz Z. (2010): Effect of milk chocolate supplementation with lyophilised Lactobacillus cells on its attributes. Czech J. Food Sci., 28: 392–406. Manufacturing of novel foodstuffs supplemented with live probiotic bacteria has recently been intensively investigated. The supplementation of confectionery with probiotics is troublesome since some unit techn...

In this study the effects of L-lysine hydrochloride (containing 78.8% available lysine as crystalline lysine) and L-lysine sulfate (containing 51% available lysine in bacterial cell mass) as source of supplemental lysine in broiler chickens was assessed. The basal diet was supplemented with either L-lysine hydrochloride or L-lysine sulfate to meet lysine requirement. Lysine supplementation irre...

An experiment was conducted in Jessore district of Bangladesh during the period from January 2003 to December 2004 to investigate the performance of Brown Shelled Hybrid Layer, White Shelled Hybrid Layer and Native Hen measured during only laying period (57 weeks). 8 Brown Shelled Hybrid Layer farms, 8 White Shelled Hybrid Layer farms and 10 Native Hen farms were reared intensive, intensive and...

t ion are a v o i d e d by i m m e r s i n g eggs in 0.5 % c h l o r h e x i d i n e d i ace t a t e ( H i b i t a n e ) for 15 min , fo l lowed by a wa te r r inse p r e c e d i n g i n c u b a t i o n a t 30 C. W e have n o t d e t e r m i n e d the q u a n t i t a t ive recovery of eggs f rom soil or the hatching of in fec t ive j uven i l e s in this p rocedure . F o r each e x p e r i m e ...

OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for infectious intestinal disease (IID) due to rotavirus group A in children aged under 16 years. METHODS Case-control study of cases of IID with rotavirus infection presenting to general practitioners (GPs) or occurring in community cohorts, and matched controls. RESULTS There were 139 matched pairs. In children under 16 years the following risk factors w...

Several studies have shown that, contrary to what occurs in rodents and in some invertebrate species, food restriction has no positive effect on longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. However, Chippindale et al. (1993) reported that flies subjected to food restriction, by modulating the yeast level, could live longer. In the present study we used the same yeast levels as Chippindale et al. in an...

Sir, The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have defi ned probiotics as “live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefi t on the host.” They are also called “friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.” The concept of probiotics arose at the turn of the 20th century from a hypothesis fi rst proposed by t...