Literatures of various cultures interfere with one another so that each of them may become part of another’s literary polysystem. Accordingly, the researchers, in this study, attempted to recognize what position Persian literary polysystem allowed English literature in particular Persian translations of English modern short stories to occupy during 1990-2005. This study also intended to find ou...

The vast diversity of the proposed definitions of parody, both before and after the twentieth century, can be an emblem of the lack of a thorough agreement amongst the literary critics about the definition of this literary technique (genre?!). While there is not a comprehensive all-accepted definition of parody, modern and postmodern literatures both exhibit a wide application of it. After look...

Annotated corpora are invaluable resources for researchers in the humanities: on the one hand, for natural processing tasks, they can serve as standards against which results from new automatic methods can be measured; on the other hand, in corpus-based studies, they enable either to answer existing research questions or to explore original ones. In this respect, some annotation frameworks such...

This article addresses to what extent literary critics in the United States, the Netherlands and Germany have drawn ethnic boundaries in their reviews of ethnic minority writers between 1983 and 2009 and to what extent these boundaries have changed in the course of ethnic minority writers’ careers and across time? By analyzing newspaper reviews, we find that American reviewers less often mentio...

It is generally accepted that the practice of medicine could be improved by turning to the humanities in general, and to narrative and text interpretation in particular. Neverthless, there is hardly any agreement as to the nature of the clinical text, whether it be the patient's narrative that needs to be richly understood, or the patient as patient who must be both personally and clinically de...

In literary histories written in both Iran and the West it has generally be assumed that early modern Persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of Western literary works. This has been and is still a claim. Almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. While there is no point in denying a European influence on early modern Persian literature,...

With the development of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in literary criticism, the kind of attitude to literary texts has changed, and according to the needs of modern society, this discourse became the focus of attention of thinkers and literary theorists. Polyphony, with its own meta-lingual potentials, brings with it a new approach, a rethinking of the audience, so that the reader can have a n...