We analyze the topography of nonlinear interdependence in the EEG of two group German-native speakers, divided according to their English proficiency level (high or low), when listening to one text in German and one in English. Global functional connectivity was assessed in the full band EEGs using the nonlinear correlation integration entropy, an index of multivariate interdependence derived f...

Orienting biases for speech may provide a foundation for language development. Although human infants show a bias for listening to speech from birth, the relation of a speech bias to later language development has not been established. Here, we examine whether infants' attention to speech directly predicts expressive vocabulary. Infants listened to speech or non-speech in a preferential listeni...

This paper investigates which features would be the best to include in a listening comprehension game for European Portuguese. The goal is to develop a method to motivate non-native speakers of Portuguese to engage themselves in activities intended to develop their listening comprehension skills. The approach adopted herein consisted in providing students with several sets of exercises, each se...

To examine the influence of age and reading proficiency on the development of the spoken language network, we tested 6- and 9-years-old children listening to native and foreign sentences in a slow event-related fMRI paradigm. We observed a stable organization of the peri-sylvian areas during this time period with a left dominance in the superior temporal sulcus and inferior frontal region. A ye...

Learning a second language is challenging, but mastering pronunciation even more difficult. Researchers continuously seek new ways to improve students’ English abilities, such as listening and speaking, while ignoring the importance of pronunciation. After conducting literature review, this article investigates impact corpora two instructional methods on improving The paper addresses how teach ...

This qualitative study explored English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perspectives on first (L1) use in the second (L2) classroom. The focused Jordanian public secondary school EFL teachers and drew Macaro’s (2001) three codeswitching positions—optimal (i.e., L1 can enhance L2 learning), maximal should be minimized virtual never used learning). Data were collected through classroom obse...

Duolingo is a commercial language-teaching platform that offers free courses on the web and mobile apps. This study reports ACTFL listening reading proficiency levels of adult learners who had completed beginning-level in Spanish or French. The participants (n = 225) were residing United States, little to no prior target language, used as their only learning tool. reached Intermediate Low Novic...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect target cultural knowledge on listening comprehension proficiency Chinese EFL learners. Two groups intermediate-level English language learners participated in study. One group received lessons reading, writing, listening, and speaking, as well a curriculum focused knowledge, specifically culture Britain US. other only without any focus k...