thermal cracking of a heavy liquid hydrocarbon was performed in a laboratory scale tubular reactor. central composite design (ccd), was used as an experimental design method. the design variables were coil outlet temperature (cot), feed flow and rate steam ratio. maximum yield of ethylene was 30.37 wt% at cot, residence time and steam ratio of 869oc, 0.208 s and 1.22 g/g, respectively. maximum ...

in this study, confined impinging liquid jets are used to produce nanoparticles of carbamazepine (cbz). the effect of operating parameters, such as the kind of solvent,cbz concentration, flow rate of solution and antisolvent on particle size, are experimentally investigated. the scanning electron micrograph (sem) photomicrographs show that nanodrug with smaller particle is achievable by using s...

the ionic liquid, n,n,n,n-tetramethylguanidiniumtriflate (tmgtf) was found to be an efficient catalyst solvent for henry reaction between nitromethane and isatin derivatives to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(nitromethyl)indolin-2-one under mild conditions. the ionic liquid amenable to successive recycling without appreciable decrease in activity. synthesized compounds have been screened for their anti-di...

an analytical equation of state has been previously modified by papari et al. for representing the volumetric properties of molecular fluids. however the performance of that eos has not been yet well investigated for refrigerant fluids. this study extended that equation to 19 liquid refrigerants to predict their densities at isothermal and saturated states. two temperature-independent parameter...

in this paper, we propose to optimize manufacturing methods of memory cells by produced silicon nanoparticles via electrical spark discharge of silicon electrodes in water to reduce the energy consumption for low power applications. the pulsed spark discharge with the peak current of 60 a and a duration of a single discharge pulse of 60 µs was used in our experiment. the structure, morphology, ...

results under the above chromatography condition, biuret compound (peqb) and the internal standard were detected at 4.5 and 13.5 minutes, respectively. limit of quantitation of the peqb was 0.1 µg/ml. accuracy of the method over the concentration range of 0.1-100 µg/ml was between 88-109%. inter- and intraday precisions were 4-19% and 6-8%, respectively. a good relationship in the form of a pow...

Efficient liquid-liquid separations are an integral part of many industrial processes. Water entrained in oil and other hydrocarbon products can impede quality specifications. Entrained oil in process water streams puts additional demands on effluent treatment systems. Under the present economic environment, processing production demands push plants and existing equipment beyond the original de...

in this paper, aggregation behaviors of aqueous solutions of short chain hydrophilic ionic liquids (ils), 1 – allyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([amim]cl), 1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([emim]cl), 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]cl), 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]bf4) were investigated using conductivity and laser light scatterin...

in recent years there has been a great deal of attention paid by researchers in investigating ionic liquids (ils) mainly due to the tremendous potential that ionic liquids have in reaction and separation technology. sonic speed is an important thermodynamic property of ionic liquids (ils) and always chosen as a source to determine other properties. a database for the sonic speed of pure ils cre...