Bamboo raw feedstocks with large particle size (20−80 mesh) were subjected to a microwave liquefaction system, and the liquefied products were separated into biopolyols and liquefied residues. Biopolyols were first analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC−MS), and the main components were sugar derivatives with 2−4 hydroxyl groups and phenolic compounds derived from lignin. The resi...

earthquakes could have catastrophic impacts on tunnels and buried structures. liquefaction phenomenon is one of the most destructive effects of earthquakes. liquefaction results in decreasing effective stress and this consequently leads to decreases in shear strength of the soil. as a result, large deformation in both soil and buried structure occurs. moreover, liquefaction causes soil boiling,...

The liquefaction of crop residues in the presence of ethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate, or polyethylene glycol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst was studied. For all experiments, the liquefaction was conducted at 160°C and atmospheric pressure. The mass ratio of feedstock to liquefaction solvents used in all the experiments was 30:100. The results show that the acid catalyzed liquefaction pro...

Bangladesh is one of the world's most disaster-prone areas. The northwest region seismically active region. Dinajpur district closest to Himalayan frontal thrust, making it vulnerable earthquake-related liquefaction. Therefore, in-situ parameters are used assess liquefaction susceptibility subsurface geology for in terms soil safety factor (FS), potential index (LPI), and probability (PL). This...

Granular soil liquefaction, due to developed pore water pressure during undrained cyclic shear of saturated soils, is regarded as a common phenomenon under earthquakes loading. This results in the huge damage infrastructures. Various reinforcement materials have been successfully implemented with particular attention use waste satisfy design specifications and also reducing adverse environmenta...

In this paper the geological structure and earthquake activity nearby Kunming Basin, Yunnan, China, have been studied. Different ground motion attenuation models used in Japan and in Yunnan, China, have been reviewed, and quantitative comparisons between the models have been made. The zonation of peak horizontal acceleration corresponding to a seldom happened earthquake and the zonation of the ...