results of damage prediction in buildings can be used as a useful tool for managing and decreasing seismic risk of earthquakes. in this study, damage spectrum and c4.5 decision tree algorithm were utilized for damage prediction in steel buildings during earthquakes. in order to prepare the damage spectrum, steel buildings were modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom (sdof) system and time-history...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Progression of joint damage is linked to disease activity. This link is dissociated upon treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- or IL-6-inhibitors plus methotrexate (MTX). It is hitherto unknown if this may also be true for therapies targeting B-cells. We thus evaluated if rituximab (RTX) therapy inhibits joint damage irrespective of its effects on disease activity. ...

The BCL-2 family of apoptotic proteins encompasses key regulators proximal to irreversible cell damage. The BH3-only members of this family act as sentinels, interconnecting specific death signals to the core apoptotic pathway. Our previous data demonstrated a role for BH3-only BID in maintaining myeloid homeostasis and suppressing leukemogenesis. In the absence of Bid, mice accumulate chromoso...

Cellular responses to DNA damage involve distinct DNA repair pathways, such as mismatch repair (MMR) and base excision repair (BER). Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we present genetic and molecular evidence of a mechanistic link between processing of DNA damage and activation of autophagy. Here we show that the BER AP endonucleases APN-1 and EXO-3 function in the same pathway as...

Leaf venation is a pervasive example of a complex biological network, endowing leaves with a transport system and mechanical resilience. Transport networks optimized for efficiency have been shown to be trees, i.e., loopless. However, dicotyledon leaf venation has a large number of closed loops, which are functional and able to transport fluid in the event of damage to any vein, including the p...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease in which it has only recently been suggested that damage to neuronal structures plays a key role. Here, we uncovered a link between the release of lipid breakdown products, found in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and neuronal damage mediated by microglial a...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease in which it has only recently been suggested that damage to neuronal structures plays a key role. Here, we uncovered a link between the release of lipid breakdown products, found in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and neuronal damage mediated by microglial a...

DNA polymerase η (polη) belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases and facilitates translesion synthesis past UV damage. We show that, after UV irradiation, polη becomes phosphorylated at Ser601 by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of polη depends on its physical interaction with Rad18 but is independent of PCNA monoubiquitinatio...