A study on the steps to follow in linguistic decision analysis is presented in a context of multi-criteria=multi-person decision making. Three steps are established for solving a multi-criteria decision making problem under linguistic information: (i) the choice of the linguistic term set with its semantic in order to express the linguistic performance values according to all the criteria, (ii)...

Although it prefigures many advances in linguistic theory, the scholarship of nineteenth century scholar Mikołaj Kruszewski is today largely forgotten. In these papers I hope to partially rectify this situation by introducing Kruszewski’s insights to modern discourse on phonology. In addition to a detailed summary of Kruszewski’s major work, An Outline of the Science of Language (Očerk Nauki O ...

A potentially fruitful area for applied linguistic research is the nature of the linguistic systems used by second language learners as they learn--or even after they appear to have stopped learning. It has been suggested at various times that the findings of this sort of research would be useful not only to language teachers and textbook writers, but also to our understanding of language conta...

In this paper, we investigate multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems where decision makers represent their evaluation of alternatives by trapezoidal fuzzy two-dimensional uncertain linguistic variable. To begin with, we introduce the definition, properties, expectation, operational laws of trapezoidal fuzzy two-dimensional linguistic information. Then, to improve the accuracy...

In this paper we propose a random set framework for learning linguistic models for prediction problems. We show how we can model prediction problems based on learning linguistic prototypes defined using joint mass assignments on sets of labels. The potential of this approach is then demonstrated by its application to a model and by benchmark problem and comparing the results obtained with those...

The linguistic analysis of spontaneous speech brings new challenging questions in the study of language. First, transcription and interpretation problems may arise from the presence of speech events such as hesitations, repetitions, false starts, corrections, etc. However, we can easily disregard these disfluencies as they clearly do not belong to the linguistic code. More serious linguistic in...

A simplified neutrosophic uncertain linguistic set that integrates quantitative and qualitative evaluation can serve as an extension of both an uncertain linguistic variable and a simplified neutrosophic set. It can describe the real preferences of decision-makers and reflect their uncertainty, incompleteness and inconsistency. This paper focuses on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem...

Regardless of the knowledge representation schema chosen to implement a linguistic resource, conceptual design is an important step in its development. However, it is normally put aside by developing efforts as they focus on content, implementation and time-saving issues rather than on the software engineering aspects of the construction of linguistic resources. Based on an analysis of common p...

MCMD problems with fuzzy preference information on alternatives are essential problems of the importance of weighting and ranking. Xu [14] proposed a method with incomplete linguistic preference relations method that decision makers obtain a matrix by choosing a finite and fixed set of alternatives and performing a pairwise comparison based on their different preference and knowledge. The objec...