The size and scale of software systems have grown rapidly over the course of the recent years. Largescale projects amounting up to million lines of code aren’t uncommon – e.g. the source code of the Linux kernel, with drivers, is around 17 million lines of code. This presents a challenge when it comes to understanding and navigability of the project. It is always essential to understand the pre...

The process of establishing a software product line and instantiating products from it is motivated, not only by technical reasons, but also by business reasons. The customer perspective reveals the importance of the basic function of the products and helps us distinguish between product lines and product families. One single feature is never the only difference between two products, but instea...

talking about paganism (jāhiliyya) is in fact a discourse about a procedure that is not limited to a specific time, since paganism is a social mode (disposition), which can appear in any time and space and has its own characteristics, goals, and standards; a reality that the holy qur’ān, the sunna of the prophet (s.a.w.), as well as the researchers’ inquiries have emphasized. the holy qur’ān ha...

With the increasing use of object-oriented methods in new software development there is a growing need to both document and improve current practice in object-oriented design and development. In response to this need, a number of researchers have developed various metrics for object-oriented systems as proposed aids to the management of these systems. In this research an analysis of a set of me...

As web-based business systems get larger and more complex, an efficient development framework is an important issue for developers. An efficient web framework improves the quality of multi-tier systems and productivity in the development in distributed computing environments. We provide a framework approach with Java for 3-tiers (Client/Web, Business/EIS), which allows transporting, transformin...

The enterprise track caught our attention, since the task is similar to a project we carried our for the BBC. Our motivation for participation has been twofold: On one hand, there is the usual challenge to design and test the quality of retrieval strategies. On the other hand, and for us very important, the TREC participation has been an opportunity to investigate the resource effort it require...