background; musculoskeletal disorders (msds) are among the most prevalent pains which could be ignited via material handling. backpack wearers are among those who may carry heavy loads. since msds mainly originate in school-aged children, students (as the largest group of backpack wearers) are considered more important. the purpose of this study is to design a backpack based on minimization of ...

background new drugs are increasingly used to induce analgesia during surgeries. this study compared the analgesic effects of paracetamol and magnesium sulfate. methods sixty patients with american society of anesthesiologists (asa) class i or ii patients who were candidates for surgery of the lower limbs were randomly divided into three equal groups who were age and gender matched. group 1 rec...

background: single leg drop landing is one of the common sport activities that have greater likelihood of leading to traumatic oflower extremity. however, there is limited understanding of biomechanics of this maneuver. hence, this study aimed to compare the activities of lower limb muscles during pre- and post phases of single leg drop landing. methods: this semi-experimental research of 13 ph...

introduction: based on the previous studies, we know that the hemispheric lateralization defects, increase the probability of psychological disorders. we also know that dominant limb is controlled by dominant hemisphere and limb preference is used as an indicator for hemisphere dominance. in this study we attempted to explore the hemispheric dominance by the use of three limbs (hand, foot and e...

A study is presented of the optical thickness of spectral lines of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen ions in the quiet sun. The observations consist of cross limb scans by the SUMER and CDS spectrometers on the SOHO spacecraft. A maximum likelihood spectral line fitting code has been adapted to analyse the multiplet profiles and to provide an assessment of errors in the count rates, especially of clo...

INTRODUCTION Upper limb amputation causes a severe permanent disability. Upper limb transplantation is subject to treatment to prevent rejection and influenced by organizational, socioeconomic, psychological, ethical factors. Analysis of the results creates the potential for continuing this work in specific conditions in our country. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from ...

The purpose of this study was to compare prosthetic weight-bearing tolerance in the standing position to the dynamic vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) experienced during walking in elderly dysvascular trans-tibial amputees. Ten unilateral trans-tibial amputees attending an amputee clinic (mean age = 67 +/- 6.5 years) were selected as subjects. Selection criteria were the level of amputatio...

Invasive species often exhibit rapid evolutionary changes, and can provide powerful insights into the selective forces shaping phenotypic traits that influence dispersal rates and/or sexual interactions. Invasions also may modify sexual dimorphism. We measured relative lengths of forelimbs and hindlimbs of more than 3000 field-caught adult cane toads (Rhinella marina) from 67 sites in Hawai'i a...

OBJECTIVE To review the psychometric properties and clinical utility of upper-limb measurement tools in people with neurologic conditions to provide recommendations for practice. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, and AMED. STUDY SELECTION Independent reviewers searched, selected, and extracted data from articles that assessed reliability, validity, ability to detect change, and c...