Cyp26b1, a retinoic acid (RA)-metabolising enzyme, is expressed in the developing limb bud, and Cyp26b1(-/-) mice present with severe limb defects. These malformations might be attributable to an RA-induced patterning defect; however, recent reports suggest that RA is dispensable for limb patterning. In this study, we examined the role of endogenous retinoid signalling in skeletogenesis using C...

Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common limb-associated birth defect characterized by extra digit(s) in the anterior autopod. It often results from ectopic sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the anterior limb bud. Although several transcription factors are known to restrict Shh expression to the posterior limb bud, how they function together remains unclear. Here we provide evidence from mouse c...

After limb amputation, urodele amphibians can regenerate lost parts perfectly throughout their life. However, Xenopus laevis shows its characteristic limb regenerative ability. Although Xenopus tadpole has the capacity to regenerate their limbs after amputation, after amputation of a froglet (a small frog after metamorphosis) limb, it can regenerate only a spike-shaped cartilage which has no pa...

After limb amputation, urodele amphibians can regenerate lost parts perfectly throughout their life. However, Xenopus laevis shows its characteristic limb regenerative ability. Although Xenopus tadpole has the capacity to regenerate their limbs after amputation, after amputation of a froglet (a small frog after metamorphosis) limb, it can regenerate only a spike-shaped cartilage which has no pa...

  The management of soft tissue defects in tibial fractures is essential for limb preservation. Current techniques are not without complications and may lead to poor functional outcomes. A salvage method is described using three illustrative cases whereby a combination of flaps and antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads are employed to fill the bony defect, fight the infection, and...

After limb amputation, urodele amphibians can regenerate lost parts perfectly throughout their life. However, Xenopus laevis shows its characteristic limb regenerative ability. Although Xenopus tadpole has the capacity to regenerate their limbs after amputation, after amputation of a froglet (a small frog after metamorphosis) limb, it can regenerate only a spike-shaped cartilage which has no pa...

After limb amputation, urodele amphibians can regenerate lost parts perfectly throughout their life. However, Xenopus laevis shows its characteristic limb regenerative ability. Although Xenopus tadpole has the capacity to regenerate their limbs after amputation, after amputation of a froglet (a small frog after metamorphosis) limb, it can regenerate only a spike-shaped cartilage which has no pa...

BACKGROUND Distal tibial reconstruction with use of an external fixator when there is bone loss, limb-length discrepancy, and/or ankle instability is associated with many problems. The technique of limb-lengthening, ankle arthrodesis, and segmental transfer over an intramedullary nail has been introduced to overcome these problems. The present study investigates this combined technique. METHO...

Holt-Oram syndrome is a rare inherited disorder involving the hands, arms, and the heart. The defects involve carpal bones of the wrist and the thumb and the associated cardiac anomalies like atrial or ventricular septal defects. Congenital cardiac and upper-limb malformations frequently occur together and are classified as heart-hand syndromes. The most common amongst the heart-hand disorders ...

A three-month-old Trakehner fi lly was referred for a fi ve-day-old fracture of the left radius. On admission, the fi lly's left forelimb was in a full limb sleeve cast and nonweight bearing. Radiographic examination of the left radius revealed a complete transverse displaced diaphyseal fracture (Fig. 1A). Surgical fracture repair was requested by the owner. The fi lly received systemic antibio...