The limb muscles of vertebrates are derived from precursor cells that migrate from the lateral edge of the dermomyotome into the limb bud. Previous studies have shown that the paired domain-containing transcription factor Pax-3 is expressed in the limb in cells that are precursors for limb muscles (Williams, B. and Ordahl, C.P. (1994) Development 120, 785-796). In splotch (Pax-3-) embryos, the ...

The products of Hox-4 genes appear to encode position in developing vertebrate limbs. In chick embryos, a number of different signalling regions when grafted to wing buds lead to duplicated digit patterns. We grafted tissue from the equivalent regions in mouse embryos to chick wing buds and assayed expression of Hox-4 genes in both the mouse cells in the grafts and in the chick cells in the res...

Measurements of the cell perimeter, cell-cell contact number and length and of the thickness of the surface coat were performed in limb buds of mouse embryos during the process of cell condensation of the chondrogenic cell mass. This study starts with measurements of 'non-limb' mesenchyme of day-9 embryos and ends with the young cartilage of day 13. It is shown that until day 12 all cells in th...

The freshwater crayfish is capable of regenerating limbs, following autotomy, injury and predation. In arthropod species, regeneration moulting are two processes linked strongly regulated by ecdysone. limbs divided into wound healing, blastema formation, cellular reprogramming tissue patterning. Limb cells undergo proliferation, dedifferentiation redifferentiation. A limb bud, containing folded...

Monoclonal antibody WE3 (mAb WE3) reacts to the majority of cells of the wound epithelium during limb regeneration, but to only a small minority of cells of skin epidermis. Since both the apical ectoderm of the limb bud and the wound epithelium of regenerating limbs are important to limb outgrowth, it was of interest to determine whether the WE3 antigen was shared by these two developmentally i...

The positional signal localized to the posterior (zone of polarizing activity or ZPA) region of the vertebrate limb is transiently expressed during development and a decline in ZPA signaling is accelerated when posterior cells are dissociated and cultured in vitro. The evidence that cultured posterior cells display a precocious decline in ZPA signaling when compared to in vivo studies suggests ...

Signaling by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 18 and FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production of articular and growth plate chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Notably, the congenital absence of either FGF18 or FGFR3 resulted in similar expansion of the growth plates of fetal mice and the addition of FGF18 to human articular chondrocy...