Achieving good mechanical axis of the lower extremity is of paramount importance in orthopaedic surgery, not only during joint replacement but also in fracture fixation and deformity correction. However, it is difficult to determine the mechanical axis during surgery. Many techniques have been proposed in clinical practice such as visual inspection, cable method, alignment rods, the axis board ...

The Functional Challenge Walking relies on selective timing and intensity of appropriate muscles at each joint to provide weightbearing stability, shock absorption, and progression over the supporting foot during stance and to advance the limb in swing. Energy is conserved by activating only the muscles optimally aligned for each task and by substituting momentum and passive tissue tension for ...

INTRODUCTION Correction of limb alignment or length discrepancy by circular external fixation is an accepted technique which relies on the correct biomechanical application of the frame and precise corrections which are frequently delegated to the patient to perform. Errors can occur in the execution of the correction by the patient and may result in significant deformity that requires remedial...

Prosthetic alignment is an important factor in the overall fit and performance of a lower-limb prosthesis. However, the association between prosthetic alignment and control strategies used by persons with transfemoral amputation to coordinate the movement of a passive prosthetic knee is poorly understood. This study investigated the biomechanical response of persons with transfemoral amputation...