Profiting from spillovers is one of the key reasons behind technological collaboration agreements, agglommeration and even social stratification. Previous research has tended to ignore the costs of activities to internalize the externalities. We propose and solve a simple model for the tradeoff between costly socialization and direct productive effort. Our model can explain phenomena like the r...

Both society and plasma (ionized gas) fluid are composed of active, interactive, and free, individuals. These individuals response to any internal and external effects (fields for plasma), and exhibit collective behaviour. According to this structure, there are a wide range of similarities between the plasma fluid and the society. The nature of fluidity of plasma arises from the interaction of ...

The problem of the 'explanation' of recent social explosions, especially in the Middle East, but also in Southern Europe and the USA, has been debated actively in the social and political literature. We can mention the contributions of P. Mason, F. Fukuyama, E. Schmidt, J. Cohen and I. Krastev to this debate. We point out that the diversity of opinions and conclusions is really amazing. At the ...

This paper is a critical review of Robert Putnam’s influential analysis of social capital in America: Bowling Alone. The review argues that Bowling Alone reflects many of the strengths and weaknesses of the social capital literature. Like this literature, Bowling Alone describes a remarkable number of facts concerning community life in America. At the same time, the book suffers from many of th...

social security of iran has passed different stages and today has entered the stages of organizational development and universal coverage. but this system, like other man-made systems, has inadequacies which must be rectified. in this article, legal system of iran has been studied from legal point of view and necessary proposals have been presented in order to remove these defects: main axis of...

Like many other early psychologists, William James was fascinated by hypnosis and related phenomena. For James, hypnosis was both an experimental technique for creating divisions of consciousness, and a laboratory model of naturally occurring disorders of awareness. James' treatment of consciousness in hypnosis presages contemporary interests in dissociation and implicit cognition, and undersco...

The paper proposes a new model of spin dynamics which can be treated as a model of sociological coupling between individuals. Our approach takes into account two different human features: gregariousness and individuality. We will show how they affect a psychological distance between individuals and how the distance changes the opinion formation in a social group. Apart from its sociological apl...

Logic is not just about single-agent notions like reasoning, or zero-agent notions like truth, but also about communication between two or more people. What we tell and ask each other can be just as logical as what we infer in Olympic solitude. We show how communication and other interactive phenomena can be studied systematically by merging epistemic and dynamic logic, leading to new types of ...

Multidimensional networks (also known as multilayer, multiplex, or multislice) are receiving increased attention from computer scientists, physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists, thanks also to many application scenarios and increased availability of data for analytics. Social sciences are interested in the multidimensional aspects of the connections between individuals, not only by l...

Migration is the permanent movement of some people called migrant, from one place to another for some reasons and values. Their migration is determined by some values and goals that lead to changes in migrants’ interaction system. In human history the shape of migration was changed due to social and environmental changes. From the eve of 19 century migration became important social phenom...