BACKGROUND Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a subcategory of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus limited to the male genitalia and is associated with destructive inflammation, phimosis, urethral stenosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The medical literature was searched from 1983-1998 using key words balanitis, lichen, and sclerosis using the MEDLINE system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Balani...

BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation has been used for curative purposes in dermatologic conditions, especially in the last 30 years. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the efficacy of monochromatic excimer light in psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides and alopecia areata, and to examine potential new indications. METHODS Two hundred seventy-nine patients with common and persiste...

Recent findings Depending on the length and severity of urethral involvement, surgical management of lichen sclerosus urethral strictures can range from a simple meatotomy to a single or complex staged long repair using oral mucosa. Skin grafts or flaps are not recommended because skin could be involved by the disease. Perineal urethrostomy may represent the salvage solution in severe panurethr...

OBJECTIVE We propose a modification to urethroplasty for stricture due to lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans). METHODS We combine two-stage bucal mucosa graft and onlay ventral island flap. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSIONES: This technique offers enlargement of the graft with the island flap and removal of the pathological skin.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of an unknown aetiology most commonly affecting the anogenital area. However, extragenital involvement also occurs uncommonly. A case of extra-genital LS involving the areolae of both breasts, in a 15-year-old boy, is reported for its rarity.

We report a patient with vulvar lichen sclerosus, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and later vulvar cancer. In LCH, high amounts of non functional Langerhans cells are present in the affected tissue, making it possible that LCH may have contributed to vulvar cancer development in this patient.