Labor is a crucial resource in most organizations. In not-for-profit, public, and government services, it is common for labor to include unpaid volunteers. This article demonstrates how the volunteer labor assignment (VLA) problem is markedly different from traditional labor assignment (TLA) problems such as labor scheduling. One core difference pertains to the cost structure of labor, where TL...

background many clinical and experimental studies have been done to analyze the anatomical and functional aspects of the internal auditory canal (iac) in human beings since there are great inter-individual variability and structural variations that may occur regarding the other adjacent structures. objectives the purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of the internal auditory ...

this study was carried out to compare the histomorphological structures of oviductal regionsof the apparently healthy adult laying hens (gallus gallus dometicus) and ducks (ansa ansadomesticus). for this purpose, 20 hens and 20 female ducks aged between 1–1.5 years were used.after euthanasia, the oviducts were dissected out and all of the gross morphometrical parametersincluding length, width a...

The fabrication of 3D metal-dielectric structures at sub-mm length scale is highly important in order to realize low-loss passives and GHz wavelength antennas with applications in wearable and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The inherent 2D nature of lithographic processes severely limits the available manufacturing routes to fabricate 3D structures. Further, the lithographic processes are su...

Recent animal experiments have shown that up to 37% of muscle force may be transmitted to adjacent structures rather than reach the insertion of the muscle's tendon, and that the extent of such force transmission depends on the length and relative position of these structures. We tested whether the force-length characteristics of the distally tenotomized human flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) ...