any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

27 different populations of Triticum boeoticum were gathered from west and North West of Iran for their grouping using morphological traits. All populations were assessed in farm based on completely random design with three replications in 1393. The measured traits include stem length with spike, spike length with and without awn, awn length, flag leaf length, the woolly leaves, peduncle length...

Study of heritability and gene action to improve agronomic and physiological traits, especially under drought stress conditions, are very important. The objectives of this study were to investigate heritability for important agronomic traits and some physiological characters in a cross between two spring wheat cultivars. The experiment was carried out using different generations (BC1, BC2, F3, ...

In order to evaluate the productivity of 20 bread wheat promising lines using multivariate statistical methods, an experiment was conducted based on a randomize complete block design under terminal moisture stress, in 2011-2012. Factor analysis showed that the three first factors explained 66% of total variance. Plant height, peduncle length, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index, biological yield,...

in this thesis, phosphorus ylides [phbppy], [no2bppy] and [brbppy] have been synthesized through the formation of phosphonium salt and dihydrogenation, followed by the reaction of pd(oac)2 and the orthopalladated dinuclear complexes [pd(?-cl)(phbppy)]2, [pd(?-cl)(no2bppy)]2 and [pd(?-cl)(brbppy)]2 have been produced. the reaction of dinuclear complexes and bidentate ligands [l = bipy (2,2-bipyr...