To safeguard fairness for all parties involved and proper procedure, actions within a legal context are heavily constrained. Detailed laws determine when actions are permissible and admissible. However, these restrictions do not prevent participants from acting. In this paper we present a methodology to sup­ port legal reasoning using institutions—systems that specify the normative be­ haviour ...

literary and artistic joint works are prepared by two or more authors. it's importance, have increasingly grown today, particularly in academic areas. one of the issues related to these works is the problem of identifying the concept and realization of the joint works in the different legal systems which has similarities and differences. this research is a comparative study in mentioned is...

elamite documents, and evidence of elamite writing in general, are rare from this period. however from susa under the sukkalmah period, there are some 550 legal documents in akkadian in various legal subjects, like sale, lease, and judicial procedures; this provides the historian with a unique opportunity fir the study of elamite legal and social institutions. the present essay will edit and tr...

In ABC v. St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, the High Court of England and Wales rejected the argument that doctors have a legal duty to disclose actionable genetic risks to a patient's relatives. This article reconsiders the concept of a duty to disclose actionable genetic risks in the context of widening perceptions of legal harm and developing professional and public perceptions of correspondi...

This paper presents a framework for identifying the legal risks associated with performing network forensics on public networks. The framework is discussed in the context of the Gnutella P2P network protocol for which the legal issues related to authorized access have not yet been