Many laws, e.g., those concerning taxes and social benefits, need to be operationalized and implemented into public administration procedures and eGovernment applications. Where such operationalization is warranted, the legal frameworks that interpret the underlying laws are typically prescriptive, providing procedural rules for ensuring legal compliance. We propose a UML-based approach for mod...

In this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of a generic architecture for legal knowledge systems, which will enable the interchange of knowledge between existing legal knowledge systems. This Legal Knowledge Interchange Format, is under development in the Estrella project and has two main roles: 1) the translation of legal knowledge bases written in different representation fo...

This paper offers the first comprehensive analysis of legal change in the protection of shareholder and creditor rights in transition economies and its impact on the propensity of firms to raise external finance. Following La Porta et al. (1998), the paper constructs an expanded set of legal indices to capture a range of potential conflicts between different stakeholders of the firm. It supplem...

Unlike research in linguistics and artificial intelligence, legal research has not used advances in logical theory very effectively. This article uses default logic to develop a paradigm for analyzing the reasoning behind legal fact-finding. The article provides a formal model that integrates legal rules and policies with the evaluation of both expert and nonexpert evidence—whether the fact-fin...

Legal reasoning is one application of large-scale knowledge information processing, where arti cial intelligence, natural language processing, databases and other technologies are integrated. From the database point of view, legal reasoning requires access to vast data and knowledge sources such as written law and unwritten law. Because it is di cult for a person to deal with such amounts of le...

A legal text usually long and complicated, it has some characteristic that make it different from other dailyuse texts.Then, translating a legal text is generally considered to be difficult. This paper introduces an approach to split a legal sentence based on its logical structure and presents selecting appropriate translation rules to improve phrase reordering of legal translation. We use a me...

Palliative care is patient and family-centred care that optimises quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating suffering. Open Society Foundation public health program (2011) notes that people facing life-threatening illnesses are deeply vulnerable: often in severe physical pain, worried about death, incapacitation, or the fate of their loved ones. Legal issues can increase stress ...

There are two competing views on what makes propositions of law true. The one, legal realism, takes it that propositions of law are true because they reflect an independently existing reality of legal facts. These facts would be generated by legal rules which would operate autonomously, without need for human intervention. The institutional theory of law illustrates this view. On this view it i...