Three midline glial populations are found at the corticoseptal boundary: the glial wedge (GW), glia within the indusium griseum (IGG), and the midline zipper glia (MG). Two of these glial populations are involved in axonal guidance at the cortical midline, specifically development of the corpus callosum. Here we investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of each population and det...

At least three identified cell types in the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) of the chick optic tectum mediate separate pathways from the retina to different subdivisions of the thalamic nucleus rotundus. Two of these, SGC type I and type II, constitute the major direct inputs to rotundal subdivisions that process various aspects of visual information, e.g., motion and luminance changes. Here, we...

We carried out a study of the expression patterns of seven developmental regulatory genes (Lef1, Lhx2, Lhx9, Lhx5, Lmo3, Lmo4, and Prox1), in combination with topological position, to identify the medial pallial derivatives, define its major subdivisions, and compare them between mouse and chicken. In both species, the medial pallium is defined as a pallial sector adjacent to the cortical hem a...

We investigated the distributions of AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes GluR1 and GluR4 in the hamster superior colliculus (SC) with antibody immunocytochemistry and the effect of enucleation on these distributions. We compared these labelings to those of GluR2/3 in our previous report (Park et al., 2004, Neurosci Res., 49:139-155) and calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28K, calretinin, parvalbu...

The visual layers of the rodent superficial superior colliculus (sSC) have been the focus of many development studies of the molecular bases of retinotopic map formation, the role of early retinal waves in this process, and the development of glutamate synapses. Previous studies have documented long-term potentiation (LTP), believed to be critical to developmental synapse refinement, in the rod...

We analyzed the distribution and the morphological characteristics of neurons expressing AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1 and GluR2) in the superficial partition (stratum zonale (SZ), stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and stratum opticum (SO)) of the rat superior colliculus. GluR1-expressing neurons had round or ovoid somata in SGS and round or fusiform somata and primary dendrites...

Growing axons are often guided to their final destination by intermediate targets. In the developing spinal cord and optic nerve, specialized cells at the embryonic midline act as intermediate targets for guiding commissural axons. Here we investigate whether similar intermediate targets may play a role in guiding cortical axons in the developing brain. During the development of the corpus call...

The aim of the study is to examine in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the acetonic and methanolic extracts of the mushrooms Boletus aestivalis, Boletus edulis and Leccinum carpini. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition, total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivale...

the aim of the study is to examine in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the acetonic and methanolic extracts of the mushrooms boletus aestivalis, boletus edulis and leccinum carpini. antioxidant activity was evaluated by using free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. in addition, total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivale...

Our study was aimed at determining contents of cadmium, lead, and oxalic acid in select wild edible mushrooms harvested from areas potentially more (Ostrowiec Św (P1). and Ożarów (P2)) or less the protection zone of Magurski National Park (M – mountain) exposed to pollution. The experimental material were fruiting bodies of four species of edible mushrooms: boletus (Boletus edulis), bay bolete ...