abstractof two mcall programs introducing 100 vocabulary items through two im the researcher of the present study was intrigued to compare the effects age modalities (pictures and streaming video) with those of a conventional method (teacher instruction) in an efl context. she set out to investigate whether such multimedia environments could provide a more effective environment for vocabulary...

Attribution retraining is a training intervention that aimed to remove motivational problems for learning in students and modify their thinking about causal attributions. Consequently, it increases their self-esteem and expectation level for success. On other hand, cognitive strategies are learning instruments which aimed to help students for acquisition, organization, saving knowledge an...

textbooks play a crucial role in language learning classrooms. the problem is that among the great quantity of available textbooks on the market which one is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. in order to evaluate elt textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. this study evaluate...