background trihalomethanes (thms) are major group of chlorinated by products, potentially hazardous and carcinogenicity of these compounds was recognized. the purpose of this study was survey on thms concentration in ahvaz drinking water. material and methods a descriptive cross-sectional study was based on 36-week sampling program during the winter, spring and summer of 2011 in water distribut...

conventionally, regression and time series analyses have been employed in modeling water demand forecasts. in recent years, the relatively new technique of neural networks (nns) has been proposed as an efficient tool for modeling and forecasting. the objective of this study is to investigate the relatively new technique of gmdh – type neural networks for the use of forecasting long – term urban...

abstract among different water usage in iran, agricultural sector with 94 percent is the largest water user. considering the share of agriculture in water usage, farmers are the main factor in water resources management. therefore, optimal utilization of irrigation and drainage networks would depend on farmers’ effective role. due to the limited water resources in different country regions, inc...

With regard to water scarcity in many parts of the world as well as the energy used for water heating in countries where water is abundant, the use of ICT for providing feedback and promoting (hot) water conservation has gained increasing attention. Insights into how consumers can be motivated to adopt technological feedback devices and intensify their water conservation efforts at home are cru...

In this paper, the problem of leakage detection and isolation in water distribution networks is addressed applying an optimal sensor placement methodology. The chosen technique is based on structural models and thus it is suitable to handle non-linear and large scale systems. A drawback of this technique arises when costs are assigned uniformly. A main contribution of this paper is the proposal...

An algorithm for the detection and location of sudden bursts in water distribution networks combining both continuous monitoring of pressure and hydraulic transient computation is presented. The approach is designed for medium and large bursts that are the result of the sudden rupture of the pipe wall or other physical element in the network and are accompanied by the transient pressure wave th...

Consumption of bottled water is increasing worldwide. Prior research shows many consumers believe bottled water is convenient and has better taste than tap water, despite reports of a number of water quality incidents with bottled water. The authors explore the demographic and social factors associated with bottled water users in the U.S. and the relationship between bottled water use and perce...

BACKGROUND Among nonoccupationally exposed U.S. residents, drinking water and diet are considered primary exposure pathways for inorganic arsenic (iAs). In drinking water, iAs is the primary form of arsenic (As), while dietary As speciation techniques are used to differentiate iAs from less toxic arsenicals in food matrices. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to estimate the distribution of iAs exposure...

One of the subjects in solar water heater design is considering distribution of hot water consumption during the day. For example, each of the household, commercial, office, school, and industrial consumptions have a particular distribution of hot water consumption named pattern in this article. In solar computation principles, the effect of longitude, latitude, and altitude on collector angle ...