Mice deficient in mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 are cold sensitive, despite abundant expression of the homologues, Ucp2 and Ucp3 (S. Enerbäck, A. Jacobsson, E. M. Simpson, C. Guerra, H. Yamashita, M.-E. Harper, and L. P. Kozak. Nature 387: 90-94, 1997). We have analyzed characteristics of mitochondrial proton leak from brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Ucp1-deficient mice and normal cont...

A pipe is a ubiquitous product in the industries that used to convey liquids, gases, or solids suspended liquid, e.g., slurry, from one location another. Both internal and external cracking can result structural failure of industrial piping system possibly decrease service life equipment. The chaos complexity associated with uncertain behaviour inherent pipeline systems lead difficulty detectio...