Until non-lead solder conversion is mature, the evaluation of materials and components is likely to identify trade-offs. The performance of the no-clean andwater-soluble solder pastes that were tested varied widely. Ultimately each company will need to determine which attributes are most important for their product line. Also components needed for a product may not be currently available as lea...

3.2 Enthalpies, entropies (solid and liquid state) – free energy and entropy of mixing The heats of formation of six solid Pb-Bi alloys have been measured at 400 K in a liquid lead solution calorimeter by P. Roy, et al. They found that these alloys obey Kopp’s law of additivity and the heats of formation are therefore temperature independent. The lead and bismuth used in these experiments were ...

This paper deals with an electrical modelling and optimization of a thermal energy harvester dedicated to power autonomous systems. Such devices based on bimetal strips and piezoceramics turn thermal gradients into electricity by a two-step conversion mechanism. This work focuses first on a demonstration of a ST-WSN (GreenNet demonstration platform) supplied by the harvester to validate, for th...