It is widely accepted that land degradation and desertification (LDD) are serious global threats to humans and the environment. Around a third of savannahs in Africa are affected by LDD processes that may lead to substantial declines in ecosystem functioning and services. Indirectly, LDD can be monitored using relevant indicators. The encroachment of woody plants into grasslands, and the subseq...

A number of researchers have claimed that questions and other constructions with long distance dependencies (LDDs) are acquired relatively early, by age 4 or even earlier, in spite of their complexity. Analysis of LDD questions in the input available to children suggests that they are extremely stereotypical, raising the possibility that children learn lexically specific templates such as WH do...

BACKGROUND/AIM Tobacco use reduces the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Host-modulation with low-dose doxycycline (LDD) might favour repair and promote an improved treatment response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LDD in smokers on non-surgical periodontal therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a parallel arm, randomized, identical placebo-controlled trial ...

Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. Apart from its antimicrobial properties, this drug also has independent anti-inflammatory effects at sub-antimicrobial doses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low-doses of doxycycline (LDD) on cytokine production by human monocytic cells challenged with the p...

Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. Using weighted correlation network analysis, we est...

Activation of the NF-κB pathway requires the formation of Met1-linked 'linear' ubiquitin chains on NEMO, which is catalysed by the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) E3 consisting of HOIP, HOIL-1L and Sharpin. Here, we show that both LUBAC catalytic activity and LUBAC specificity for linear ubiquitin chain formation are embedded within the RING-IBR-RING (RBR) ubiquitin ligase subun...

By using the 1.6 million single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data set from Perlegen Sciences [Hinds, D. A., Stuve, L. L., Nilsen, G. B., Halperin, E., Eskin, E., Ballinger, D. G., Frazer, K. A. & Cox, D. R. (2005) Science 307, 1072-1079], a probabilistic search for the landscape exhibited by positive Darwinian selection was conducted. By sorting each high-frequency allele by homozygos...

The depot model, developed at Carnegie Mellon University, provides a method for managing third-party and locally developed software. depot uses an object-oriented approach to managing software; each software package is managed as one or more logical objects. Yet, from the perspective of a user, the multiple ‘‘software objects’’ appear as a single, integrated, software environment. Local disk de...

AbstructA new extraction algorithm for the metallurgical channel length of conventional and LDD MOSFET’s is presented, which is based on the well-known resistance method with performing a special technique to eliminate the uncertainty of the channel length as well as to reduce the influence of the parasitic source/drain resistance on threshold-voltage determination. l n particular, the metallur...