This paper describes a parallel procedure for anisotropic mesh adaptation with boundary layers for use in scalable CFD simulations. The parallel mesh adaptation algorithm operates with local mesh modification operations developed for both unstructured and boundary layer parts of the mesh. The adaptive approach maintains layered elements near the viscous walls and accounts for the mesh modificat...

In the title crystal structure, C(13)H(9)N(4) (+)·ClO(4) (-)·H(2)O, cations, anions and water mol-ecules are linked through inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (001). In addition, there are weak π-π stacking inter-actions between the layers, involving the cations and with centroid-centroid distances in the range 3.584 (2)-3.662 (2) Å, forming a thre...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C8H12N(+)·NO3 (-), the 2,3-xylidinium (2,3-di-methyl-anilinium) cations are connected to the nitrate anions through bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating corrugated layers parallel to (001) at z = 0.25 and 0.75. These layers are connected via C-H⋯O inter-actions, giving rise to a three-dimensional network.

Huge numbers of double layers carrying electric fields parallel to the local magnetic field line have been observed on the Van Allen probes in connection with in situ relativistic electron acceleration in the Earth's outer radiation belt. For one case with adequate high time resolution data, 7000 double layers were observed in an interval of 1 min to produce a 230,000 V net parallel potential d...

The title compound, C18H21NO4S, is a new sulfonamide derivative of tranexamic acid. In the crystal, mol-ecules form inversion dimers via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carb-oxy-lic acid groups. Hydrogen bonding between the sulfonamide N-H group and the carb-oxy-lic acid O atom assembles the dimers into thick layers parallel to (100). The naphthalene groups of adjacent layers are arranged in...

The polyhedral building blocks of the layered inorganic network in the mixed-valence title compound, (NH4)(V(IV)O2)(V(V)O2)(TeO3), are vertex-sharing V(V)O4 tetra-hedra, distorted V(IV)O6 octa-hedra and TeO3 pyramids, which are linked by V-O-V and V-O-Te bonds, forming double layers lying parallel to (100). The presumed Te(IV) lone-pairs of electrons appear to be directed inwards into cavities ...

Crystals of the ortho-rhom-bic phase La(4)Mo(7)O(27) (lanthanum molybdenum oxide) were obtained from a non-stoichiometric melt in the pseudo-ternary system La(2)O(3)-MoO(3)-B(2)O(3). In the crystal structure, distorted square-anti-prismatic [LaO(8)] and monocapped square-anti-prismatic [LaO(9)] polyhedra are connected via common edges and faces into chains along [010]. These chains are arranged...

The hydro-thermally prepared title compound, sodium iron(III) bis-[trioxotellurate(IV)], is isotypic with its Ga(III) analogue and consists of corrugated layers with an overall composition of [FeTe(2)O(6)](-) together with Na(+) cations. The layers extend parallel to (001) and are made up of [Fe(2)O(10)] edge-shared octa-hedral dimers and TeO(3) trigonal pyramids sharing vertices. The Na(+) cat...

The Coulomb drag in a system of two parallel layers is the result of electron-electron interaction between the layers. We have observed reproducible fluctuations of the drag, both as a function of magnetic field and electron concentration, which are a manifestation of quantum interference of electrons in the layers. At low temperatures the fluctuations exceed the average drag, giving rise to ra...

The structure of the title compound, C(7)H(9)ClN(+)·H(2)PO(4) (-), contains inorganic layers built by (H(2)PO(4))(-) anions and which are parallel to the ab planes around z = . 3-Chloro-2-methyl-anilinium cations are anchored between the inorganic layers through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Electrostatic and van der Waals inter-actions, as well as hydrogen bonds, maintain the structural cohesion.