A set S of vertices of a connected graph G is a geodetic set if every vertex of G lies on an x−y geodesic for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of a geodetic set ofG is the geodetic number ofG, denoted by g(G). A set S of vertices of a graph G is an edge geodetic set if every edge of G lies on an x − y geodesic for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of an edge...

Linear measurements combined with surface area and volume calculations were used to develop formulas to estimate body weight (BW) in beef cattle. These measurements were evaluated directly or estimated using a laser remote caliper (LRC) and digital imaging software. Seventy-two dry, late gestation beef cows aged 3-13 years were measured and weighed Six measurements for each cow were taken; the ...

23 We recorded simple spike (SS) and complex spike (CS) firing of Purkinje cell in the cerebellar 24 nodulus and uvula of awake head-restrained cats during sinusoidal vertical rotation of the head 25 in four stimulus planes (pitch, roll, and two vertical canal planes). Two SS response types 26 (positionand velocity-types) with response phases close to those of head position and velocity, 27 res...

Infrared (IR) receptors are rare in insects and have only been found in the small group of so-called pyrophilous insects, which approach forest fires. In previous work the morphology of the IR receptors and the physiology of the inherent sensory cells have been investigated. It was shown that receptors are located on the thorax and the abdomen respectively and show an astounding diversity with ...

A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph G is a function f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the condition that every vertex v for which f(v) = 0, is adjacent to at least one vertex u for which f(u) = 2. The weight of a Roman dominating function f is the value f(V (G)) = ∑ v∈V (G) f(v). The Roman domination number of G, denoted by γR(G), is the minimum weight of an RDF on G. For a given graph,...

Restrained and unrestrained subjects were subjected to one of three distress manipulations prior to an ad lib taste task. The physical fear threat (anticipated electric shock) significantly decreased unrestrained subjects' eating and slightly increased restrained subjects' eating. Both ego threats (failure at an easy task or anticipating having to give a speech in front of an evaluative audienc...

Restrained eating is a pattern of chronic dietary restriction interspersed with episodes of disinhibited overeating. The present study investigated whether this eating pattern is related to altered electrocortical processing of appetitive food stimuli in two different motivational contexts. Restrained (n=19) and unrestrained eaters (n=21) passively viewed high-caloric food pictures, along with ...

Effects of cue exposure to high and low-caloric food on body image satisfaction and the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) and restraint were investigated in 77 lean unrestrained, lean restrained and overweight restrained females. Body (BS) and weight satisfaction (WS) were assessed before and after the cue exposure. Lean restrained participants were significantly less satisfied with thei...

This study examined the prevalence of external, restrained and emotional eating and the relationship of these disturbed types of eating behaviours with perceived parental control of food intake (pressure to eat and restriction) in a group of 7- to 12-year-old boys and girls (n = 596). External eating turned out to be the most prevalent disturbed eating behaviour for boys and girls, followed by ...

Acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) are widely used to treat a variety of diseases including pain. In preclinical research, EA is usually applied by inserting acupuncture needles into the hindlimbs of rats restrained in small tubes or bags. This restrained model of EA not only causes stress-like behaviors but also is limited in stimulating locations and intensities. In 2004, a novel, unrest...