Root architecture is an important regulator of nitrogen (N) acquisition. Existing methods to phenotype the root architecture of cereal crops are generally limited to seedlings or to the outer roots of mature root crowns. The functional integration of root phenes is poorly understood. In this study, intensive phenotyping of mature root crowns of maize was conducted to discover phenes and phene m...

PIN proteins are auxin export carriers that direct intercellular auxin flow and in turn regulate many aspects of plant growth and development including responses to environmental changes. The Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor FOUR LIPS (FLP) and its paralogue MYB88 regulate terminal divisions during stomatal development, as well as female reproductive development and stress responses. H...

TaABCC13 is member of wheat ABCC subclass of transporters. The RNAi mediated silencing of this transporter in wheat results in lowering of seed phytic acid level and other developmental defects. In addition to that, wheat ABCC13 was involved in cadmium detoxification as evident by the complementation assays in yeast. The appearance of early lateral roots in these transgenic seedlings speculated...

Casparian bands of endodermis and exodermis play crucial roles in blocking apoplastic movement of ions and water into the stele of roots through the cortex. These apoplastic barriers differ considerably in structure and function along the developing root. The present study assessed net Na+ fluxes in anatomically distinct root zones of rice seedlings and analyzed parts of individual roots showin...

The AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) transporter provides a primary mechanism for nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis and is expected to localize to the epidermis and cortex of the mature root, where the bulk of nitrate uptake occurs. Using fusions to GFP/GUS marker genes, we found CHL1 expression concentrated in the tips of primary and lateral roots, with very low signals in the epidermis and cortex. A time-course s...

the purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a fused mandibular lateral incisor with supernumerary tooth with a follow-up for 18-months. a 35-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with an extraoral sinus tract in the chin. the intraoral diagnosis revealed the fusion of her mandibular lateral incisors. vitality pulp tests were negative for mandibular right central and lat...

During the exploration of the soil by plant roots, uptake of water and nutrients can be greatly fostered by a regular spacing of lateral roots (LRs). In the Arabidopsis root, a regular branching pattern depends on oscillatory gene activity to create prebranch sites, patches of cells competent to form LRs. Thus far, the molecular components regulating the oscillations still remain unclear. Here,...

Root development of Arabidopsis, Zea mays (maize) and Oryza sativa (rice) differs in both overall architecture and the anatomy of individual roots. In maize and rice, the post-embryonic shoot-borne root system becomes the major backbone of the root stock; in Arabidopsis, the embryonic root system formed by a simple primary root and its lateral roots remains dominant. Recently, several specific ...

an efficient transformation system for the medicinal plant portulaca oleracea was established using agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc15834. hairy roots were obtained directly from cotyledon leaves explants seven days after inoculation with the bacteria. the highest transformation efficiency was obtained from cotyledon leaves explants, and amounted to 53.3% within two weeks. roots grew...

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular mass and cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins known to be mainly involved in maintaining metal homeostasis and stress responses. But, their functions in higher plant development are scarcely studied. Here, we characterized rice (Oryza sativa) METALLOTHIONEIN2b (OsMT2b) molecularly and found that its expression was down-regulated by cytokinins. OsMT2b was...